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EC number: 212-828-1 | CAS number: 872-50-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 13 January 1994 to 17 November 1995
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 995
- Report date:
- 1995
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- toxicokinetics
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.7485 (Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics)
- Version / remarks:
- absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion study after intravenous, oral, dermal and inhalation exposure
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- EC Number:
- 212-828-1
- EC Name:
- 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- Cas Number:
- 872-50-4
- Molecular formula:
- C5H9NO
- IUPAC Name:
- 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one
- Test material form:
- liquid
- Details on test material:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: BASF AG, from continuous production, tank No. 53
- Analytical purity: 99.8 %
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: under N2, to be protected from air
- Stability under test conditions: stability ensured by substance supplier
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Unlabelled NMP
- source: BASF Corporation
- analytical purity: 99.9 %
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): [2-14C] NMP
- source: NEN Research Product, USA
- specific
activity: 26.2 mCi/mmol
- radiochemical purity: 97.1 % - Radiolabelling:
- yes
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: Crl:CD BR
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Laboratories, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Age at study initiation: 7 to 17 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 195 to 275 g for males and 170 to 270 g for females
- Fasting period before study: 12 to 19 hours and during 6 h hours for inhalation exposure
- Housing: stainless stell, wire-mesh
- Individual metabolism cages: yes, Roth-type glass metabolism unit
- Diet: ad libitum; Purina Certified Rodent Chow #5002
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 6 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 23 ± 2
- Humidity (%): 50 ± 10
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- intravenous
- Vehicle:
- water
- Details on exposure:
- The dose was formulated such that each rat received at least 15 µCi of 14-C radioactivity. To achieve the desired specific activity for the dosed material, non-radiolabeled NMP was mixed with 14C-NMP in a solution of water. Volumes of doses were 0.2 mL for the intravenous dose.
For preconditioned rats, non-radiolabeled NMP was dissolved in a solution of water. The dose solution was administered at a nominal amount of ca. 1mL/animal. - Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- max. 96 hours
Doses / concentrations
- Dose / conc.:
- 50 mg/kg bw/day
- Remarks:
- single intravenous
- No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- 4 males and 5 females
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale: The dose level of 50 mg/kg bw was chosen based on previous studies and the results from the pilot study.
- Rationale for animal assignment: Rats were selected based on weight uniformity. - Details on dosing and sampling:
- PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY (Absorption, distribution, excretion)
Intravenous exposure
- Tissues and body fluids sampled: urine, faeces, blood, plasma, serum and all guideline conform tissues, cage washes,
- Time and frequency of sampling for blood: 1, 3, 5 and 30 minutes and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours postdose
- Time and frequency of sampling for urine and feces: 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours postdose
METABOLITE CHARACTERISATION STUDIES
- Tissues and body fluids sampled: urine, faeces
- Time and frequency of sampling: 96 hours
- From how many animals:: for urine; individual samples from 4 male and 5 female rats; for feces: pooled after radioactivity levels were determined for each individual sample
- Method type(s) for identification : HPLC-MS/MS - Statistics:
- The statistical analyses of data involved the calculation of the mean and standard deviation of replicate samples. Statistical bias was controlled by the non-systematic collection of samples for pooling and drawing aliquots, and the number and size of the aliquots analyzed . Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation of 4-5 animals . Statistical comparisons between groups were conducted by using different methods, depending on the purpose of analysis . The t-test, paired t-test, or analysis of variance (ANOVA) with generalized linear models were used . Results were considered statistically significant at a probability of 0.05 .
Results and discussion
Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies
- Details on absorption:
- After a single intravenous exposure, initial mean plasma concentrations were 114 (F) and 194 (M) ppm of NMP and 287 (F) and 350 (M) ppm for total radioactivity after injection of radiolabelled NMP.
- Details on distribution in tissues:
- After a single intravenous exposure, the apparent volume of distribution was calculated to be between 0.7 and 1.8 L/kg. The highest residual concentrations were found in the main organs of metabolism and excretion, liver and kidney. No bioaccumulation occurred in any tissue.
Transfer into organs
- Test no.:
- #1
- Transfer type:
- other: intravenous application
- Observation:
- distinct transfer
- Details on excretion:
- 24 h after intravenous exposure, the total radioactivity in the plasma dropped to approx. 1.5 % of the administered dose. No NMP was detected in blood after 24 h.
Mean elimination half-life:
2.4 to 3.3 h for NMP, somewhat higher for radioactivity with 4.9 to 5.3 h representing both NMP and metabolites.
Within 96 h, 82 to 87 % was excreted into the urine with more than 74 and 72 % after 24 h, 4 to 6 % appeared in the feces, 0.65 % was found in tissues.
75 and 81 % of total radioactivity administered was excreted as metabolites into the urine without detectable conjugation.
Toxicokinetic parametersopen allclose all
- Test no.:
- #1
- Toxicokinetic parameters:
- half-life 1st: 2.4 to 3.3 h for NMP after i.v exposure
- Test no.:
- #2
- Toxicokinetic parameters:
- half-life 2nd: 4.9 and 5.3 h for radioactivity (NMP + metabolites) after i.v. exposure
- Test no.:
- #3
- Toxicokinetic parameters:
- AUC: 0.334 to 0.158 mg*h/mL for NMP
- Test no.:
- #4
- Toxicokinetic parameters:
- AUC: 0.701 to 839 mg*h/mL for radioactivity
Metabolite characterisation studies
- Metabolites identified:
- yes
- Details on metabolites:
- The primary metabolite was 1-methyl-5-OH-2-pyrrolidone representing 58 and 55 % of the dose applied. The amount of NMP was less than 5 %.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Total recovery of radioactivity was between
92 and 97 %.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- No bioaccumulation potential based on study results expected.
- Executive summary:
In an intravenous pharmacokinetics and disposition study, NMP and 14C-radiolabeled NMP were administered to 4 male and 5 female rats at an application volume of 0.2 mL/animal and at a concentration of 50 mg/kg bw.
Each rat was placed into Roth-type glass metabolism cage (separate urine/feces collection). Rats were maintained ad libitum on ground Purina certified rodent chow and water. Blood samples were collected at 1, 3, 5 and 30 min and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours post dose. Urine and feces were collected at 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours post dose. Animals were killed about 96 h after application.
The following organs and tissue samples were obtained and weighed: heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, testes (or ovaries and uterus), brain, G .I. tract, thymus, femurs, urinary bladder, marrow, and samples of skin, muscle, and fat. The contents of the G.I. tract were removed and treated as separate samples. The femurs were excised for bone marrow collection. The residual carcass was weighed.
Unchanged NMP in plasma was analyzed by HPLC. Radioactivity of radiolabelled NMP was analyzed by means of liquid scintillation counting. Metabolites were analyzed by HPLC or mass spectrometry.
The total recovery of radioactivity was between 92 and 97 %.
Initial plasma concentration was 114 and 194 ppm of NMP and 287 and 350 ppm of radioactivity from the radiolabelled NMP.
After 24 h, the total radioactivity in the plasma dropped to approx. 1.5 % of the administered dose. No NMP was detected in blood after 24 h. Mean elimination half-life was between 2.4 to 3.3 h for NMP, and somewhat higher for radioactivity with 4.9 to 5.3 h representing both NMP and metabolites. Within 96 h, 82 to 87 % was excreted into the urine with more than 72 and 74 % after 24 h. 4 to 6 % appeared in the feces, 0.65 % was found in tissues. 75 and 81 % of total radioactivity administered was excreted as metabolites into the urine without detectable conjugation. The primary metabolite was 1-methyl-5-OH-2-pyrrolidone representing 58 and 55 % of the dose applied. The amount of NMP was less than 5 %.
The apparent volume of distribution was calculated to be between 0.7 and 1.8 L/kg. The highest residual concentrations were found in the main organs of metabolism and excretion, liver and kidney. No bioaccumulation occurred in any tissue.
After intravenous exposure, NMP is rapidly excreted with elimination half-life was 2.4 to 3.3 hours. NMP has no bioaccumulation potential. Once absorbed, NMP was distributed, metabolized and eliminated in the urine with negligible tissue residues remaining after 4-5 days post dose. The primary metabolite was 1-methyl-5-OH-2-pyrrolidone representing 58 and 55 % of the dose applied.
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