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EC number: 215-202-6 | CAS number: 1313-13-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
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- Water solubility
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- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
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- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
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- Endpoint summary
- Stability
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- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
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- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
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- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
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- Additional toxicological data

Additional toxicological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional toxicological information
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well conducted study although relevance is questionable due to method of application of the test material.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Significance of serum calcium, inorganic phosphates and alkaline phosphatase in experimental manganese toxicity
- Author:
- Chandra SV, Imam Z and Nagar N
- Year:
- 1 973
- Bibliographic source:
- Industrial Health, 11(43): 43-47
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Rabbits were injected intratracheally manganese dioxide (400 mg/kg) and the serum calcium, inorganic phosphates and alkaline phosphatase levels were determined. Histological examinations were also carried out on the parathyroids, bones and kidneys.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Manganese dioxide
- EC Number:
- 215-202-6
- EC Name:
- Manganese dioxide
- Cas Number:
- 1313-13-9
- Molecular formula:
- MnO2
- IUPAC Name:
- dioxomanganese
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Manganese dioxide
- Patricle size of test material: < 5 µm
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
In treated animals the level of serum calcium remained within normal limits up to 120 days, at 180 days the mean serum calcium level was significantly greater than control, this was also noted at 240 days. There was a significant decrease in the level of inorganic phosphates in manganese treated animals at 120 days and there was gradual lowering in the level at 180 and 240 days. Alkaline phosphatase activity showed significant decrease as early as 60 days and showed further decline as the experiment progressed. At 60 days kidneys of experimental animals were swollen and congested. At 240 days very fine granularity was observed with a thickened capsule which was adhered to the surface of the organ. Macroscopic examination showed further abnormalities such as haemorrhages and necrosis. No gross or microscopic abormaility was observed in parathyroids and bones in both groups.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- A significant decrease in the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphates and an increase in calcium was noted at 180 days. These biochemical alterations occurred at a much earlier stage than the development of symptoms of manganese encephalopathy which are of great significance to detect early toxicity. The significance of intracheal instillation to hazard assessment for the inhalation route needs to be treated with care as other mechanisms come into effect that would not be seen in the normal inhalation of dust. The use of the rabbit for this study is also not considered a standard animal model for inhalation testing.
- Executive summary:
Rabbits were injected intratracheally manganese dioxide (400 mg/kg) and the serum calcium, inorganic phosphates and alkaline phosphatase levels were determined. Histological examinations were also carried out on the parathyroids, bones and kidneys.
Under the conditions of the study, a significant decrease in the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphates and an increase in calcium was noted at 180 days. These biochemical alterations occurred at a much earlier stage than the development of symptoms of manganese encephalopathy which are of great significance to detect early toxicity. The significance of intracheal instillation to hazard assessment for the inhalation route needs to be treated with care as other mechanisms come into effect that would not be seen in the normal inhalation of dust. The use of the rabbit for this study is also not considered a standard animal model for inhalation testing.
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