Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 231-195-2 | CAS number: 7446-09-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Entry adopted from the OECD SIAR on sulfur dioxide without modification.Test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards, old study described in sufficient detail, specific investigation of concentration and time-dependence of retention of sulfur dioxide; study acceptable for assessment
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Pulmonary dynamics and retention od toxic gases.
- Author:
- Leong, K.J. and MacFarland, H.N.
- Year:
- 1 965
- Bibliographic source:
- Arch. Environ. Health 3: 668-675
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- other: specific investigation of retention in the respiratory tract
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards, old study described in sufficient detail, specific investigation of concentration and time-dependence of retention of sulfur dioxide; study acceptable for assessment
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Sulphur dioxide
- EC Number:
- 231-195-2
- EC Name:
- Sulphur dioxide
- Cas Number:
- 7446-09-5
- Molecular formula:
- SO2
- IUPAC Name:
- Sulphur dioxide generated from sulphur by combustion
- Details on test material:
- no details stated
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 190-210 g
no further information stated
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation
- Vehicle:
- other: air
- Details on exposure:
- TYPE OF INHALATION EXPOSURE: head only (muzzle)
GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMPER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: a specially designed apparatus for the measurement of minute volume and analytical device for the continouos measurement of sulphur dioxide
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: The main gas supply tube, through which the animal breathes, is fed at a constant rate with air containing a known concentration of the toxicant. Pure air and air containing about 8000 ppm of SO2 are proportioned through two by-pass flow regulators and the final mixture is metered by means of a third regulator directly into the main gas tube. In this manner, a steady flow of SO2 in air in concentration range 0 to 1000 ppm is readily obtained.
- MMAD (Mass median aerodynamic diameter) / GSD (Geometric st. dev.): not stated - Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- Physiological and analytical data were recorded simultaneous for a period of two hours.
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
Gas concentrations ranging from 40 to 750 ppm. Measured concentration: 41 +/- 2 ppm, 64 +/- 4 ppm, 83 +/- 2 ppm, 145 +/-1 ppm, 231 +/- 3 ppm, 426 +/- 4 ppm and 751 +/- 17 ppm.
- No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- Seven groups of ten rats were exposed.
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- The values for percent retention of sulfur dioxide by an individual rat at designated time-points (after 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, 90, 120 min.) were calculated. These values together with the minute volume, respiratory rate, and the calculated tidal volume (minute volume divided by respiratory rate) at the corresponding time-point, were then subjected to an analysis of variance and a range test for significant differences shown in treatment and time effects.
Experimental procedure: After all instruments were calibrated, the experimental animal was inserted into the holder with its muzzle projecting through a face mask. The animal was allowed to rest for a short time before the mask outlet was coupled onto the main gas supply tube.
Histological Method: At the end of the tow-hour exposure, following a short period of observation, the animals were anesthetised with pentobarbital and the lungs were removed for histological examination. Lungs from all animals in each trial were prepared as follows: the anterior portion of the trachea was tied off and the lungs distended to normal size by injection of Bouin's fixative. The trachea was then tied again below the point of injection. After embedding and cutting, the sections were stained with Harris' hematoxylin and eosin, and mounted slides were prepared according to standard procedure.
Results and discussion
- Preliminary studies:
- Respiratory pattern in those animals exposed to 40 to 400 ppm of SO2 was occasionally rather erratic. The respiration of animals undergoing an inhalation exposure to the high concentration (750 ppm) of the irritant became grievously laboured.
Retention of sulfur dioxide (difference between sulfur dioxide concentration in inspired and exspired airstream determined as percentage of inhaled dose):
Concentration-dependence: decrease from 60.2% at 41 ppm to 34.6% at 751 ppm (measured after 1 minute).
Time-dependence: maximum retention at the beginning of exposure (1 min); with increasing time there was a tendency to a slight decrease of retention: at 41 ppm 60.2% retention at 1 min, 51.8% at 120 min; at 751 ppm 34.6% retention at 1 min, 27.2% at 120 min exposure
Histological findings: a positive correlation between the frequency of occurence of pulmonary damage and the concentration of SO2. 70% to 80% of the lungs from rats exposed respectively to 426 to 751 ppm of the gas showed various degrees of pulmonary edema. 10% to 30% of the specimens from groups of animals subjected to low levels (60 to 200 ppm) of SO2 demonstrated similar types of lesions. Non of the lungs of the animals from 40 ppm and the control groups had observable adverse histological changes.
Main ADME results
- Type:
- other: retention
- Results:
- The experimental data suggested an exponential relationship allowing extrapolation of retention for lower sulfur dioxide concentrations.
Metabolite characterisation studies
- Metabolites identified:
- no
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Mean values of percent retention with standard deviations of rats exposed to different concentrations of sulphur dioxide.
SO2 concentration (ppm) |
Time (min) |
||||||
1 |
5 |
10 |
30 |
60 |
90 |
120 |
|
A - 41 ± 2 |
60.2 ± 6.2 |
52.7 ± 14.2 |
57.8 ± 11.5 |
52.3 ± 8.7 |
53.4 ± 7.8 |
54.5 ± 8.6 |
51.8 ± 11.6 |
B - 64 ± 4 |
55.8 ± 11.8 |
52.1 ± 11.1 |
53.3 ± 12.2 |
52.5 ± 9.1 |
47.6 ± 12.6 |
45.9 ± 15.5 |
45.3 ± 19.4 |
C - 83 ± 2 |
51.9 ± 7.8 |
47.8 ± 10.9 |
48.9 ± 8.2 |
45.3 ± 7.9 |
47.7 ± 8.6 |
39.9 ± 10.4 |
37.5 ± 12.6 |
D - 145 ± 1 |
44.1 ± 7.2 |
38.9 ± 8.8 |
39.6 ± 7.7 |
37.8 ± 14.7 |
38.9 ± 13.0 |
37.9 ± 11.5 |
38.3 ± 8.4 |
E - 231 ± 3 |
39.5 ± 16.4 |
39.7 ± 12.6 |
39.9 ± 12.0 |
40.8 ± 13.3 |
33.2 ± 13.3 |
35.5 ± 6.3 |
36.7 ± 7.3 |
F - 426 ± 4 |
36.4 ± 12.3 |
37.7 ± 8.7 |
33.3 ± 8.7 |
37.4 ± 12.1 |
29.2 ± 12.3 |
33.4 ± 11.1 |
27.9 ± 7.5 |
G - 751 ± 7 |
34.6 ± 9.9 |
33.4 ± 11.0 |
30.9 ± 10.2 |
27.8 ± 9.7 |
25.0 ± 9.7 |
27.2 ± 11.6 |
27.2 ± 11.8 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The capacity of the respiratory system of rats to retain sulfur dioxide was inversely related to the exposure concentration (range 41 to 751 ppm). Decreasing retention in the lower concentration range was suggested to correlate with increasing bronchoconstriction changing the absorptive conditions. The experimental data suggested an exponential relationship allowing extrapolation of retention for lower sulfur dioxide concentrations. Based on this extrapolation retention at the 1 ppm level would be anticipated to be about 93%.
In contrast, at high concentrations the absorptive processes may be interfered by significant accumulation of bronchial secretions and development of pulmonary edema. These mechanisms may also play a role for the observed slight diminution of retention with exposure time increasing up to 120 min.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.