Hydrocarbons, C4, steam-cracker distillate

Flammability

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

flammable gases

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP non compliant, guideline not known, information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Parameter:

lower explosion limit

Value:

2 % (not further specified)

Parameter:

upper explosion limit

Value:

12 % (not further specified)

No further details provided

Interpretation of results:

extremely flammable

Conclusions:

The lower and upper flammability limits of Buta-1,3-diene are 2-12% by volume in air.

Executive summary:

The lower and upper flammability limits of Buta-1,3-diene are 2-12% by volume in air. No information on the data or the method used is available in the handbook. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

flammable gases

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Parameter:

lower explosion limit

Value:

1.6 % (not further specified)

Parameter:

upper explosion limit

Value:

10 % (not further specified)

No further information provided

Interpretation of results:

extremely flammable

Conclusions:

The lower and upper explosive limits of But-1-ene are 1.6-10 %. Based on this range, But-1-ene is classified as extremely flammable.

Executive summary:

The lower and upper explosive limits of But-1 -ene are 1.6-10 %. Based on this range, But-1-ene is classified as extremely flammable. No information on the test method used is available in the handbook. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

flammable gases

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Parameter:

lower explosion limit

Value:

1.8 % (not further specified)

Parameter:

upper explosion limit

Value:

9.6 % (not further specified)

No further information provided

Interpretation of results:

extremely flammable

Conclusions:

The lower and upper explosive limits of Prop-1ene, 2-methyl- are 1.8 - 9.6 %. Based on this range, Prop-1-ene, 2-methyl- is an extremely flammable gas.

Executive summary:

The lower and upper explosive limits of Prop-1 -ene, 2 -methyl- are 1.8 - 9.6 %. Based on this range, Prop-1-ene, 2-methyl- is an extremely flammable gas. No information on the test method used is available in the handbook. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

Reference 4

Endpoint:

flammable gases

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP non compliant, guideline not known, information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the Merck Index states that physical data are cited as found in the literature. When several alternate data values appear in the literature, the data is evaluated and representative selections are made; values are then reported with the corresponding source. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Parameter:

lower explosion limit

Value:

2 % (not further specified)

Parameter:

upper explosion limit

Value:

11.5 % (not further specified)

No further details provided

Interpretation of results:

extremely flammable

Conclusions:

The lower and upper flammability limits of 1,3-butadiene are 2-11.5% by volume in air

Executive summary:

The lower and upper flammability limits of 1,3-butadiene are 2-11.5% by volume in air. This information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the supporting study for this endpoint.

Reference 5

Endpoint:

flammable gases

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Parameter:

lower explosion limit

Value:

1.7 % (not further specified)

Parameter:

upper explosion limit

Value:

9.7 % (not further specified)

The range of lower and upper explosion limits are based on the cis and trans isomers of 2 -butene.

Interpretation of results:

extremely flammable

Conclusions:

The lower and upper explosion limits of But-2-ene are 1.7 - 9.7 %. Based on this range, 2- Butene is classified as extremely flammable.

Executive summary:

The lower and upper explosion limits of But-2 -ene are 1.7 - 9.7 %. Based on this range, 2- Butene is classified as extremely flammable. No information on the test method used is available in the handbook. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

Description of key information

Flammability data were not available for any of the streams within this Category. However, data were read across from the main hydrocarbon C4 substances in this Category. The representative constituents of the category studied and used as supporting read-across are But-1-ene (CAS 106-98-9), 2-Butene (CAS 107-01-7, cis and trans isomers of 2-Butene), Buta-1,3-diene (CAS 106 -99 -0) and Prop-1-ene, 2-methyl- (CAS 115-11-7).

 

No information on the test methods used is available in the handbook. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

 

The lower and upper explosion limits of the representative constituents of this Category range from 1.6 to 12 %. All category members are classified as Flammable gas category 1.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Flammability:

flammable

Justification for classification or non-classification

Flammability data are not available for any of the streams within Category D. However as the category consists of mainly C4 hydrocarbons, data were read across from hydrocarbon C4 substances (CAS numbers 106 -99 -0, 107-01-7, 115-11-7, 106-98-9, 25167-67-3). The lower and upper explosion limits of Category D are therefore determined as 1.6 - 12%. Based on this range members of Category D are classified as Category 1 extremely flammable gases under the CLP Regulations.