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Diss Factsheets

Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods

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Reference
Endpoint:
toxicity to non-target arthropods on inert substrate (NTA other than pollinators)
Type of information:
(Q)SAR
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
2021
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
Justification for type of information:
Detailed information covering the calculation model and the physico-chemical data used as input are in the attached document.

The target lipid model (TLM) is a framework that relates toxicity to the physicochemical properties of a nonpolar organic constituent. The TLM has been applied to soils and sediment using equilibrium partitioning (EqP) model. This framework utilizes organic carbon partition coefficients (KOC) to convert aquatic based effect levels (CW) to bulk soil- and sediment-based effect levels. The combined TLM-EqP framework was validated previously for soil and sediment acute and chronic toxicity endpoints. The substance is considered within the scope of the TLM and EqP frameworks.
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The target lipid model (2015) and equilibrium partitioning model as described in the cited references were used to determine soil or sediment effect levels following an estimation of initial loading of the registered substance in the substrate. A full explanation of the calculation method is provided in the 'attached justification'.
For model description and justification of QSAR prediction: see fields 'justification for type of information' and 'attached justification'
Test organisms (species):
Folsomia candida
Animal group:
Collembola (soil-dwelling springtail)
Duration:
28 d
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
35.67 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality
Duration:
28 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
6.83 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
reproduction
Remarks on result:
other: chronic endpoints were estimated using typical acute-to-chronic ratio of 5.22 (McGrath et al., 2018)
Conclusions:
The target lipid model (2015) and equilibrium partitioning model as described in the cited reference were used to determine soil effect levels following an estimation of initial loading of the registered substance in the substrate. The 2-propanol estimated 28-day LC50 value is 63.43 mg/kg dw based on mortality and the EC10 value is 12.15 mg/kg dw based on reproduction for the terrestrial arthropod species Folsomia candida. The values were estimated using the Petrotox computer model.
Executive summary:

The target lipid model (TLM) has been applied to soils and sediment using equilibrium partitioning (EqP) model. As such, modeled data are considered fit for purpose.

Description of key information

A QSAR using the Target Lipid Model (TLM) and the Equilibrium Partitioning Model (EqP) reported long-term LL50 and NOELR values of 133 mg/kg soil dry weight and 25.5 mg/kg soil dry weight, respectively for Folsomia candida. This value is supported by the following results:

LC50 = 3.2% IPA in diet, 1 day, male Drosophila melanogaster (25.1 g/L in diet)

LC50 = 3.4% alcohol, 1 day, female Drosophila melanogaster (26.7 g/L in diet)

LC50 = 1.5% alcohol, 2 day, male Drosophila melanogaster (11.8 g/L in diet)

LC50 = 1.7% alcohol, 2 day, female Drosophila melanogaster (13.4 g/L in diet)

(David & Bocquet, 1976)

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Short-term EC50 or LC50 for soil dwelling arthropods:
133 mg/kg soil dw
Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for soil dwelling arthropods:
25.5 mg/kg soil dw

Additional information

The target lipid model (TLM) has been applied to soils and sediment using equilibrium partitioning (EqP) model. As such, modelled data are considered fit for purpose.

Detailed information covering the calculation model, physico-chemical data used as input and the results are attached in section 13.2 of IUCLID.

The toxicity of iso-propyl alcohol (IPA) to 2 strains of small fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans, was assessed in a published non-guideline study that predates GLP requirements for ecotoxicity studies (David & Bocquet, 1976). This laboratory study used larvae grown at low larval density on an axenic, killed yeast medium. After emergence, adults were separated into groups of 10 females and 10 males and kept on nutrient medium for three days. After three days, each group of flies is transferred into an air-tight plastic vial containing 2 mL of a 3% sucrose solution supplemented with the tested concentration of IPA (7 concentrations in a geometric progression of ratio 1.25). Mortality was determined after 1, and 2 days of treatment. No further details on results were reported. The results indicate that the male fruit fly is more susceptible to IPA toxicity than the female fruit fly.

 

Fruit flies are exposed to ethanol from rotting fruits and other alcohols can also be produced by microorganisms which may be found in Drosophila food (David & Bocquet, 1976). The metabolism of the alcohols encountered in food probably has an adaptive ecological significance.

 

The 2-day LC50 value for IPA was 1.5 and 1.7% IPA in diet (11.8 and 13.4 g/L in diet) for male and female D. melanogaster, respectively (3-day LC50 not reported). The 3-day LC50 value for IPA was 1.0 and 1.3% IPA in diet (7.9 and 10.2 mg/L in diet) for male and female D. simulans, respectively.