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Diss Factsheets

Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to terrestrial plants

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Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
Data waiving:
other justification
Justification for data waiving:
other:
Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
Type of information:
read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: No standard test, but test well described and relevant ecological endpoints were evaluated (germination,, seedling growth).
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Seeds were placed on air-dried soil samples which was moistened with water (control) or water containing the test substance.
The procedure was based on the rules for seed testing published by the Association of Official Seed Analysts.
Analytical monitoring:
no
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
The soils used were surface (0-15 cm) samples of Iowa soils selected to obtain a range in properties (Webster, Harps, Storden). Each sample was air-dried and crushed to pass through a 2-mm screen
Species:
other: corn
Plant group:
Monocotyledonae (monocots)
Details on test organisms:
corn seeds
Test type:
seedling emergence toxicity test
Study type:
laboratory study
Substrate type:
natural soil
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
7 d
Test temperature:
20 degrees celcius
pH:
Webster soil: 6.1
Harps soil: 7.7
Storden soil: 8.1
Moisture:
10 mL in 40g dried soil
Details on test conditions:
Webster soil: 33 g OC/kg ; 2.4 g total N/kg ; 30% sand, 39% silt, 30% clay
Harps soil: 42 g OC/kg ; 5.0 g total N/kg ; 9% sand, 49% silt, 42% clay
Storden soil: 12 g OC/kg ; 0.6 g total N/kg ; 60% sand, 12% silt, 28% clay

Germination test:
Air-dried soil was placed in a 15 mm x 100 mm Petri Dish and moistened with 10mL of water (control) or with 10 mL of water containing the test compound. Twenty-five seeds of corn were placed on the soil and the Petri dish was covered with a lid and kept in the dark for 7 days in an incubator maintained at 20 °C. The number of seeds germinated was then counted and calculated as a percentage of the number of seeds grown. The criterion for germination was the emergence of a rooting structure and a coleoptile that were longer than the seed. Test was performed in quadruplicate.

Seedling growth test:
20 corn seeds were placed on 40 g of air-dried soil in a 15 mm x 60 mm Petri dish and the soil was moistened with 10 mL of water (control) or with 10 mL of water containing the test compound.
The Petri dish was then covered with a lid and placed in an incubator maintained at 20°C.
After 7 days, the roots and shoots from germinated seeds were measured . All tests reported were performed in triplicate
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal concentrations of added ATS (mg/kg soil): 0, 100, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000
Species:
other: corn
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
100 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root growth
Remarks on result:
other: Webster, Harps, Storden soil
Species:
other: corn
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
500 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root growth
Remarks on result:
other: Webster, Harps, Storden soil
Species:
other: corn
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
100 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: shoot growth
Remarks on result:
other: Webster soil
Species:
other: corn
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
500 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: shoot growth
Remarks on result:
other: Webster soil
Species:
other: corn
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
1 000 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: shoot growth
Remarks on result:
other: Harps soil
Species:
other: corn
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
2 500 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: shoot growth
Remarks on result:
other: Harps soil
Species:
other: corn
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
500 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: Webster, Harps, Storden soil
Species:
other: corn
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
1 000 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: Webster, Harps, Storden soil
Species:
other: corn
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
500 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: shoot growth
Remarks on result:
other: Storden soil
Species:
other: corn
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
1 000 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: Storden soil
Reported statistics and error estimates:
NOEC represents the highest concentration that resulted in less than 10% effect compared to the control
LOEC represents the highest concentration that resulted in 10% or more effect compared to the control
Conclusions:
Seeds of corn were germinated on ATS-spiked soil, and effects on germination, root growth and shoot growth were monitored for a 7d-exposure period. Root growth was the most sensitive endpoint, and resulted in a NOEC of 100 mg ATS/kg dry wt. Expressed as thiosulfate, this value becomes 75.7 mg thiosulfate/kg soil. This value can be used for the terrestrial effects assesment of thiosulfates.
Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
Type of information:
read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: No standard test, but test well described and relevant ecological endpoints were evaluated (germination,, seedling growth).
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Seeds were placed on air-dried soil samples which was moistened with water (control) or water containing the test substance.
The procedure was based on the rules for seed testing published by the Association of Official Seed Analysts.
Analytical monitoring:
no
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
The soils used were surface (0-15 cm) samples of Iowa soils selected to obtain a range in properties (Webster, Harps, Storden). Each sample was air-dried and crushed to pass through a 2-mm screen
Species:
other: wheat
Plant group:
Monocotyledonae (monocots)
Details on test organisms:
wheat seeds
Test type:
seedling emergence toxicity test
Study type:
laboratory study
Substrate type:
natural soil
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
7 d
Test temperature:
20 degrees celcius
pH:
Webster soil: 6.1
Harps soil: 7.7
Storden soil: 8.1
Moisture:
10 mL in 40g dried soil
Details on test conditions:
Webster soil: 33 g OC/kg ; 2.4 g total N/kg ; 30% sand, 39% silt, 30% clay
Harps soil: 42 g OC/kg ; 5.0 g total N/kg ; 9% sand, 49% silt, 42% clay
Storden soil: 12 g OC/kg ; 0.6 g total N/kg ; 60% sand, 12% silt, 28% clay

Germination test:
Air-dried soil was placed in a 15 mm x 100 mm Petri Dish and moistened with 10mL of water (control) or with 10 mL of water containing the test compound. Hundred seeds of wheat were placed on the soil and the Petri dish was covered with a lid and kept in the dark for 7 days in an incubator maintained at 20 °C. The number of seeds germinated was then counted and calculated as a percentage of the number of seeds grown. The criterion for germination was the emergence of a rooting structure and a coleoptile that were longer than the seed. Test was performed in quadruplicate.

Seedling growth test:
20 wheat seeds were placed on 40 g of air-dried soil in a 15 mm x 60 mm Petri dish and the soil was moistened with 10 mL of water (control) or with 10 mL of water containing the test compound.
The Petri dish was then covered with a lid and placed in an incubator maintained at 20°C.
After 7 days, the roots and shoots from germinated seeds were measured . All tests reported were performed in triplicate
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal concentrations of added ATS (mg/kg soil): 0, 100, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000
Species:
other: wheat
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
100 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root growth
Remarks on result:
other: Webster, Harps, Storden soil
Species:
other: wheat
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
500 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root growth
Remarks on result:
other: Webster, Harps, Storden soil
Species:
other: wheat
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
100 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: shoot growth
Remarks on result:
other: Webster soil
Species:
other: wheat
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
500 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: shoot growth
Remarks on result:
other: Webster soil
Species:
other: wheat
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
500 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: shoot growth
Remarks on result:
other: Harps, Storden soil
Species:
other: wheat
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
1 000 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: shoot growth
Remarks on result:
other: Harps, Storden soil
Species:
other: wheat
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
1 000 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: Webster, Harps, Storden soil
Species:
other: wheat
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
2 500 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: Webster, Harps, Storden soil
Reported statistics and error estimates:
NOEC represents the highest concentration that resulted in less than 10% effect compared to the control
LOEC represents the highest concentration that resulted in 10% or more effect compared to the control
Conclusions:
Seeds of wheat were germinated on ATS-spiked soil, and effects on germination, root growth and shoot growth were monitored for a 7d-exposure period. Root growth was the most sensitive endpoint, and resulted in a NOEC of 100 mg ATS/kg dry wt. Expressed as thiosulfate, this value becomes 75.7 mg thiosulfate/kg soil. This value can be used for the terrestrial effects assesment of thiosulfates.

Description of key information

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Additional information

In a supporting study by McCarty et al. (1990), seeds of corn and wheat were germinated on soil spiked with ammonium thiosulfate, and effects on germination, root growth and shoot growth were monitored for a 7 d-exposure period. Root growth was the most sensitive endpoint, and resulted in a NOEC of 100 mg ammonium thiosulfate/kg dry wt, corresponding to 75.7 mg thiosulfate/kg soil. Results indicate a low potential for the toxicity of thiosulfate substances on seedling germination of terrestrial plants.