Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
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EC number: 284-515-8 | CAS number: 84929-31-7 Extractives and their physically modified derivatives such as tinctures, concretes, absolutes, essential oils, oleoresins, terpenes, terpene-free fractions, distillates, residues, etc., obtained from Citrus limonum, Rutaceae.
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Read across from study with Orange Oil: 48h-EL50 = 1.1 mg/l (loading rate, WAF)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 1.1 mg/L
Additional information
For Lemon Oil, no studies on the aquatic toxicity are available for Daphnia. For this endpoint, read-across is conducted to the Citrus group.
Summary of Daphnia studies for the Citrus group
Endpoint |
Result |
Remarks |
Reference |
48h-EL50 |
1.1 mg/l (WAF Orange Oil)
|
OECD 202, GLP, Rel. 2, KEY |
Vinken and Wydra 2007 |
48h-EC50 |
7.2 mg/l Lemon Oil (with solvent) |
OECD 202, GLP, Rel. 3 |
Barth 2001 |
48h-EL50 |
8.9 mg/l (WAF Mandarin oil) |
OECD 202, GLP, Rel. 1 |
Harlan 2011 |
48h-EL50 |
5.0 mg/l (WAF Lime oil distilled) |
OECD 202, GLP, Rel. 1 |
Harlan 2011 |
48h-EL50 |
12 mg/l (WAF Lime oil CP)
|
OECD 202, GLP, Rel. 1 |
Harlan 2011 |
One study is available with Lemon Oil. This study is not reliable for many reasons including the use of solvents and high test concentrations far above the water solubility limits (Barth 2001, Rel. 3).
Four toxicity studies are available with other oils of the Citrus group, see table. Read across is conducted to these studies. The justification of this read across is described in detail in the read across justification document.
The highest toxicity (lowest WAF value) was observed in the study with Orange oil. This
key study was carried out using water accomodated fractions (WAFs). The median effective loading rate 48h-EL50 = 1.1 mg/l (Vinken and Wydra 2007). Supporting evidence is obtained from the other citrus oils Mandarin oil and Lime oil.Remark:
In the tests of Vinken and Wydra (2007) and Harlan (2011) the concentration of limonene and total hydrocarbons, respectively, were measured. As these oils are all complex test substances that contain a range of constituents, the dose rates were prepared as Water Accomodated Fractions (WAF). The analytical measurements were be used to establish the stability of the test solutions over time. They should not be used to express the toxicity of the Citrus Oils on the basis of a single substance or sum parameter.
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