Lime (chemical), hydraulic

Basic toxicokinetics

Administrative data

Endpoint:

basic toxicokinetics in vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

no data available

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Kinetics of calcium, strontium, barium, and radium in rats

Author:

Domanski, T.; et al.

Year:

1969

Bibliographic source:

In: Mays, C.F.; et al. (Eds.): Delayed Effects of Bone-Seeking Radionuclides, Univ. of Utah Press, 79-94

Materials and methods

Objective of study:

distribution

excretion

other: retention

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The distribution, retention and excretion of different radionuclides administered in a single i.v. dose per test animal were determined.

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Calcium

EC Number:

231-179-5

EC Name:

Calcium

Cas Number:

7440-70-2

IUPAC Name:

calcium

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Calcium ion (unspecified)
No further details are given.

Radiolabelling:

yes

Remarks:

45Ca radioisotopes

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Age at study initiation: 8 months old
- Diet: For several weeks before and throughout the experiment, the rats were fed a diet containing 0.5 % Ca and 0.5 % P.
- Water: ad libitum

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
No further details are given.

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

intravenous

Vehicle:

other: acetate buffer solution of pH 4

Details on exposure:

no data

Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:

single administration

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
Group I: 16 µCi of 45Ca and 5 µCi of 85Sr;
Group II: 0.8 µCi 85Sr and 1.7 µCi 133Ba;
Group III: 0.75 µCi 226Ra.

No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:

120 albino rats were used in total.

Control animals:

not specified

Positive control reference chemical:

No positive control substance was tested.

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: no data
- Rationale for animal assignment (if not random): no data

Details on dosing and sampling:

PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY (Absorption, distribution, excretion)
- Tissues and body fluids sampled: urine, faeces, blood, plasma and other tissues, bones
- Time and frequency of sampling: The animals were sacrificed serially in ether narcosis at 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 96 and 408 or 432 hours after administration of the isotopes. Blood was withdrawn at death, and the plasma was obtained by centrifugation in the presence of heparin.
From each animal at least one femur and one tibia were sampled for calcium assay and activity measurements.
Urine and faeces were collected quantitatively in metabolic cages in selected 20 hour periods from the first through the sixteenth day after injection of the radionuclides.
- Other: Plasma, bones, urine, faeces and in some cases whole carcasses were wet ashed with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, diluted to a constant volume, and appropriate aliquots analysed for stable calcium by the method of Bett and Fraser. The total and specific activity of 45Ca in the whole body was determined from beta-counting of the wet-ashed bones and the residual carcasses, corrected for self-absorption and radioactive decay.

METABOLITE CHARACTERISATION STUDIES
not examined

Statistics:

no data

Results and discussion

Preliminary studies:

not performed

Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies

Details on absorption:

not examined

Details on distribution in tissues:

The calcium concentration in plasma was close to 100 µg/mL (mean value of 100.4 µg/mL for all groups). It appears that 24 hours after injection, the radioactivity per g Ca in the plasma fell off exponentially.
One day after injection, the retention of the 3 elements Ca, Ba, and Sr was almost identical; later, however, the strontium tracer disappeared from the body faster than did those of calcium and barium.
After 96 hours the highest retention in the bones was that for 133Ba with values for the other isotopes in the decreasing order 45Ca > 226Ra > 85Sr. At that time, levels in the tibiae were consistently lower than in the femora, by 10 to 35 % for all the elements studied. The relative retention for the different radionuclides in single bones is similar to that for whole-body retention.

Details on excretion:

The average urinary excretion of calcium over a 16 day period was 0.044, 0.062 and 0.058 mg/hour in group I, II and III, respectively.
The corresponding values for the total faecal calcium were 1.42, 1.02 and 1.47 mg/hour. The endogenous faecal calcium in group I was 0.05 mg/hour.

Metabolite characterisation studies

Metabolites identified:

not measured

Details on metabolites:

not examined