Distillates (coal tar), heavy oils

Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods

Administrative data

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: long-term

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Comparable to guideline study, well documented, acceptable for assessment

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Effects of eight polycyclic aromatic compounds on the survival and reproduction of the springtail Folsomia fimetaria L. (Collembola, Isotomidae)

Author:

Sverdrup LE, Kelley AE, Krogh PH, Nielsen T, Jensen J, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Stenersen J

Year:

2001

Bibliographic source:

Environ Toxicol Chem 20: 1332-1338

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

ISO 11267 (Inhibition of Reproduction of Collembola by Soil Pollutants)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Application method:

soil

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Phenanthrene

EC Number:

201-581-5

EC Name:

Phenanthrene

Cas Number:

85-01-8

Molecular formula:

C14H10

IUPAC Name:

phenanthrene

Details on test material:

Name of test material: Phenanthrene
Source: Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO
Purity: > 96 %

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
- Vapour pressure: ~ 0.016 Pa (25 °C)
- Water solubility (under test conditions): ~ 1.3 mg/L (25 °C)
- log Pow: 4.5 - 4.6

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Analysis: Soil samples at level 50 and 200 mg/kg soil (dw) at start, 10 d, and end of exposure period (21 d)

Test substrate

Vehicle:

yes

Details on preparation and application of test substrate:

Acetone (4ml) with test substance was added to each container (26g dw soil/ container)
Vehicle control samples: acetone (4ml) without test substance was applied
Evaporation of acetone (fume hood, 24h) before use

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

other: Folsomia fimetaria

Animal group:

Collembola (soil-dwelling springtail)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Source: Permanently cultured at the Danish National Environmental Institute (Silkeborg, Denmark)
- Age at test initiation (mean and range, SD): 23-26 d
- Weight at test initiation (mean and range, SD): no data

Mass-bred in Petri dishes containing dampened charcoal/ plaster of Paris mixture;
cultivated at 20 +/- 1°C, 12:12-h light:dark photoperiod
Food: Baker's yeast

Study design

Study type:

laboratory study

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

21 d

Post exposure observation period:

--

Test conditions

Test temperature:

20 ±1 °C

pH (if soil or dung study):

see details below

Humidity:

50 % of water holding capacity

Photoperiod and lighting:

- Photoperiod: 12:12 h (light:dark)
- Light intensity: 400-800 lux

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (material, size): Plastic cylinder (5.5 cm high, 6 cm diameter) with 1-mm mesh in the bottom; during incubation closed at top and bottom with lids
- Amount of soil or substrate: 26g +/- 0.05g artificial soil
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10 males, 10 females
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 4
- No. of replicates per vehicle control: 4

Artificial soil test substrate: Danish agricultural soil (Askov, Jutland); dried at 80°C for 24 h
- Composition: Sandy loam
Coarse sand (0.2 – 2 mm) 38.4 %,
fine sand (0.063 – 0.2 mm) 23.6 %,
coarse silt (0.02 – 0.063 mm) 10.0 %,
fine silt (0.002 – 0.02 mm) 12.3 %,
clay (<0.002 mm) 13 %,
humus 2.8 %,
Organic carbon content: 1.6 %

Soil pH 6.2, no adjustment
Density 1.135 g/cm3 (dry soil),
Cation exchange capacity 8.14 meq/100 g
Samples were sieved through a 2 mm mesh before use

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 12/12 h (light/dark)
- Light intensity: 400-800 lux
- Opening of test containers after 7 and 14 d for feeding and addition of water (if necessary)

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Mortality, reproduction at end of exposure time (21 d)

VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: yes (details see above)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg soil (dw)
Measured only for 50 and 200 mg/kg soil (dw) at start, 10 d, and end of exposure period (21 d)
Recovery: see table below

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

23 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

30 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Effect concentrations 3

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

41 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Effect concentrations 4

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

21 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Details on results:

--

Reported statistics and error estimates:

EC50 and EC10 values (reproduction): estimated by logistic regression by SAS/ Insight Release 6.12
LC50 values (mortality): estimated using probit analysis in SAS/STAT
NOEC: ANOVA/ Dunnett's procedure