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EC number: 254-413-8 | CAS number: 39318-18-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
No skin irritation data of sufficient quality are available for tungsten oxide. However, skin irritation data are available for tungsten trioxide, which are used for read-across. In a skin irritation study conducted on rabbits and according to OECD 404 and EU Method B.4, tungsten trioxide was deemed to be not irritating. In an eye irritation study conducted on rabbits and according to OECD 405 and EU Method B.5, tungsten oxide was deemed to be not irritating.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2002-06-24 to 2002-08-20
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- The reliability of this study for the substance tested is a K1, but in application of read-across to a different substance ECHA’s guidance specifies that the score can be a maximum of K2. Due to similar water solubility, in vitro bioaccessibility in synthetic sweat fluid simulating dermal exposure, and available toxicity data for the target (tungsten oxide) and source (WO3) substances, the resulting toxicity potential would also be expected to be similar so read across is appropriate between these substances. In addition, read across is appropriate for this endpoint because the classification and labeling is the same for the source and target substances, the PBT/vPvB profile is the same, and the dose descriptors are, or are expected to be, sufficiently similar or more conservative for the target substance. For more details refer to the attached description of the read across approach on Annex 3 in the CSR.
- Justification for type of information:
- 1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE CATEGORY APPROACH: The hypothesis is that properties are likely to be similar or follow a similar pattern because of the presence of a common metal ion, in this case tungstate.
2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES):
Source: Tungsten trioxide
Target: Tungsten oxide
3. CATEGORY APPROACH JUSTIFICATION: See Annex 3 in CSR
4. DATA MATRIX: See Annex 3 in CSR - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.4 (Acute Toxicity: Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Wiga, D-97633
- Weight at study initiation: 1.8-2.0 kg
- Housing: Animals were housed singly in metal wire cages, type KK 016R
- Diet: Altromin 2023 diet for rabbits - ad libitum. Hay briquettes were offered additionally as a dietary supplement.
- Water: Tap water from an automatic watering system - ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 5 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): Average of 19.6 °C
- Humidity (%): Average of 70.3%
- Air changes (per hr): 12/hr
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 dark/12 light (6 am to 6 pm)
IN-LIFE DATES: From: 2004-06-24 To: 2004-06-28 - Type of coverage:
- semiocclusive
- Preparation of test site:
- shaved
- Vehicle:
- other: deionised water
- Controls:
- other: surrounding untreated skin
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5 g/ 2.5 cm X 2.5 cm patch
VEHICLE
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 1.0 mL - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 hours
- Observation period:
- 72 hours
- Number of animals:
- 3 females
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: 2.5 cm X 2.5 cm on the clipped dorsal areas of the trunk of the rabbits.
- Type of wrap if used: cellulose patches and self adhesive non woven, hypoallergenic fabric
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): Residual test substance was wiped off with wet Kleenex tissues after 4 hour exposure period, if necessary.
SCORING SYSTEM: Erythema/Eschar and Oedema
- The skin was examined using a cold light source KL 1500 electronic - Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- All areas to be treated with the test substance and all control areas were normal before the application and at each observation time.
- Other effects:
- No general toxic effects were noted.
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- All areas to be treated with the test substance and all control areas were normal before the application and at each observation time. The mean scores for three of the animals at 24, 48 and 72 hrs. post application were 0.0 when observing for Erythema/Eschar and Oedema.
- Executive summary:
No skin irritation data of sufficient quality are available for tungsten oxide (target substance). However, skin irritation data are available for tungsten trioxide (source substance), which are used for read-across. Due to similar water solubility, in vitro bioaccessibility in synthetic alveolar, lysosomal, and interstitial fluids simulating inhalation exposure, and available toxicity data for the target and source substances, the resulting toxicity potential would also be expected to be similar, so read-across is appropriate between these substances. In addition, read-across is appropriate for this endpoint because the classification and labelling is the same for the source and target substances, the PBT/vPvB profile is the same, and the dose descriptors are, or are expected to be, sufficiently similar. For more details, refer to the read-across category approach description in the Category section of this IUCLID submission or Annex 3 of the CSR.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2003-06-23 to 2003-07-28
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- Well documented, scientifically sound study that was conducted in accordance to GLP and OECD Guideline 405.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.5 (Acute Toxicity: Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Deutschland
- Weight at study initiation: 2.1-2.6 kg
- Housing: Housed singly in metal wire cages (79 cm x 59 cm bottom area, 38 cm height)
- Diet: ad libitum (Altromin 2123 maintenance diet
- Water: ad libitum (tap water from an automatic water system)
- Acclimation period: 5 days (one animal), 12 days (two other animals)
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): Average of 19.4 °C
- Humidity (%): Average of 67.1%
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 dark/12 light; only artificial light from 6 am to 6 pm.
IN-LIFE DATES: From: 2003-06-23 To: 2003-07-04 - Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: The left eyes remained untreated and served as control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 100 mg of the test substance was instilled into the conjunctival sac of the right eye of each of three rabbits. The eyes were held closed for about one second to prevent a loss of test substance.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- single instillation
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 72 hours
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3 females
- Details on study design:
- SCORING SYSTEM
Scoring scheme for ocular lesions- Draize, examined the cornea, iris, and conjunctivae
TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: Otoscope lamp - Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: not applicable
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- other: not applicable
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- other: Not applicable
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: not applicable
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Both the untreated eyes and the eyes treated with the test substance, for all three animals, were normal at each observation point.
- Other effects:
- No general toxic effects of the test substance were observed.
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- The administration of 100 mg of the test substance to the eyes of three female rabbits resulted in no signs of eye irritation. No general toxic effects of the test substance were observed.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
No skin irritation data of sufficient quality are available for tungsten oxide (target substance). However, skin irritation data are available for tungsten trioxide (source substance), which are used for read-across. Due to similar water solubility, in vitro bioaccessibility in synthetic sweat fluid simulating dermal exposure, and available toxicity data for the target and source substances, the resulting toxicity potential would also be expected to be similar, so read-across is appropriate between these substances. In addition, read-across is appropriate for this endpoint because the classification and labelling is the same for the source and target substances, the PBT/vPvB profile is the same, and the dose descriptors are, or are expected to be, sufficiently similar or more conservative for the target substance. For more details, refer to the read-across category approach description in the Category section of this IUCLID submission or Annex 3 of the CSR.
Justification for classification or non-classification
No skin irritation data of sufficient quality are available for tungsten oxide. However, data are available for tungsten trioxide, which are used for read-across, in which tungsten trioxide was deemed to be not irritating. An eye irritation study of sufficient quality and tested in accordance with standard methodology indicated that tungsten oxide was not irritating to eyes. Therefore, no classification is required for the skin and eye irritation endpoints for tungsten oxide.
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