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EC number: 248-666-3 | CAS number: 27813-02-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 14.7 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: ECHA REACH Guidance and ECETOC 2010
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 18
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 264.5 mg/m³
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The NOAEC is reliable. No adjustment is required.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Sub-acute to chronic (ECHA 2008)
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- No allometric scaling rat to humans as inhalation (ECHA 2008).
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- The substances are metabolised via general metabolic pathways that are common and very similar to rodents and humans and the absence of any specific target organs indicating a specific MOA at high concentrations there is no reason to believe that an additional AF of 2.5 for remaining differences is justified.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 3
- Justification:
- Known mode of action involving ubiquitous and non-specific enzyme systems (carboxylesterases, tricarboxylic acid cycle) makes a lower variability likely, hence the AF of 5 by ECETOC (2010) is sufficiently conservative for workers.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The key study was conducted according to modern regulatory standards and was adequately reported. On this basis the quality of the database is not considered to contribute uncertainty and it is therefore not necessary to apply an additional factor.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties. Modification of starting point (300 mg/m³) is already considered in field dose descriptor starting point of 264.5 mg/m³ (value of AF is 0.67).
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 4.2 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: ECHA REACH Guidance and ECETOC 2010
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 72
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The NOAEC is reliable. No adjustment is required.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Sub-acute to chronic (ECHA 2008)
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Allometric scaling rat to humans AF 4 (ECHA 2008).
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- The substances are metabolised via general metabolic pathways that are common and very similar to rodents and humans and the absence of any specific target organs indicating a specific MOA at high concentrations there is no reason to believe that an additional AF of 2.5 for remaining differences is justified.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 3
- Justification:
- Known mode of action involving ubiquitous and non-specific enzyme systems (carboxylesterases, tricarboxylic acid cycle) makes a lower variability likely, hence the AF of 5 by ECETOC (2010) is sufficiently conservative for workers.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The key study was conducted according to modern regulatory standards and was adequately reported. On this basis the quality of the database is not considered to contribute uncertainty and it is therefore not necessary to apply an additional factor.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
Long-term exposure –systemic effects, dermal
Description |
Value |
Remark |
Step 1) Relevant dose-descriptor |
300 mg/kg |
NOAEL for effects on kidney weight and kidney histopathology in rats given HEMA by oral gavage in OECD 422 protocol |
Step 2) Modification of starting point |
- |
- |
Step 3) Assessment factors |
|
|
Interspecies |
4 |
Conversion of rat oral exposure to human dermal exposure using ECHA Ch R8, Ex. B5, page 69.. Human NOAEC = Oral NOAEL X 1 (Absorption factor for oral to dermal route =1; ECHA Ch R8. page 25.) Allometric scaling factor of 4 is necessary because conversion is from rat oral to human dermal (Ch R8. p.30) |
Intraspecies |
3 |
A combined interspecies and intraspecies assessment factor of 3 is applied as developed in the ECETOC review of appropriate AFs for workers |
Exposure duration |
6 |
The key studies were subacute toxicity studies in animals which require extrapolation to a working lifetime in humans. |
Dose response |
1 |
The NOAEC is reliable. No adjustment is required. |
Quality of database |
1 |
The key studies were of high quality.No adjustment is required. |
DNEL |
Value |
|
|
Using a total AF of 72 a DNELlong-term,workerof 4.2 mg/kg is derived. |
Long-term exposure –systemic effects, inhalation
Description |
Value |
Remark |
Step 1) Relevant dose-descriptor |
300 mg/kg |
NOAEL for effects on kidney weight and kidney histopathology in rats given HEMA by oral gavage in OECD 422 protocol |
Step 2) Modification of starting point |
264.5 mg/m3 |
Modification of starting point involves conversion of rat oral exposure to human inhalation exposure using ECHA Ch R8, Fig. 8.3. Human NOAEC = Oral NOAEL X 1/0.38 m3/kg/d X 0.5 absn. Default X 6.7/10 |
Step 3) Assessment factors |
|
|
Interspecies |
1 |
Allometric scaling factor of 4 is not necessary because conversion is from rat oral to human inhalation (Ch R8. p.30) |
Intraspecies |
3 |
A combined interspecies and intraspecies assessment factor of 3 is applied as developed in the ECETOC review of appropriate AFs for workers |
Exposure duration |
6 |
The key studies were subacute toxicity studies in animals which require extrapolation to a working lifetime in humans. |
Dose response |
1 |
The NOAEC is reliable. No adjustment is required. |
Quality of database |
1 |
The key studies were of high quality.No adjustment is required. |
DNEL |
Value |
|
|
Using a total AF of 18 a DNELlong-term,workerof 14.7 mg/m3 is derived. |
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 8.8 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: ECHA REACH Guidance and ECETOC 2010
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 30
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 264.5
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The NOAEC is reliable. No adjustment is required.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- AF for extrapolation from Sub-chronic to chronic (ECHA 2008).
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- No allometric scaling rat to humans as inhalation (ECHA 2008).
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- The substances are metabolised via general metabolic pathways that are common and very similar to rodents and humans and the absence of any specific target organs indicating a specific MOA at high concentrations there is no reason to believe that an additional AF of 2.5 for remaining differences is justified.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Known mode of action involving ubiquitous and non-specific enzyme systems (carboxylesterases, tricarboxylic acid cycle) makes a lower variability likely, hence the AF of 5 by ECETOC (2010) is sufficiently conservative for general population.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The key study was conducted according to modern regulatory standards and was adequately reported. On this basis the quality of the database is not considered to contribute uncertainty and it is therefore not necessary to apply an additional factor.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties. Modification of starting point (300 mg/m³) is already considered in field dose descriptor starting point of 264.5 mg/m³ (value of AF is 0.67).
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: ECHA REACH Guidance and ECETOC 2010
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 120
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The NOAEC is reliable. No adjustment is required.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- AF for extrapolation from Sub-chronic to chronic (ECHA 2008).
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Allometric scaling rat to humans AF 4 (ECHA 2008).
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- The substances are metabolised via general metabolic pathways that are common and very similar to rodents and humans and the absence of any specific target organs indicating a specific MOA at high concentrations there is no reason to believe that an additional AF of 2.5 for remaining differences is justified.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Known mode of action involving ubiquitous and non-specific enzyme systems (carboxylesterases, tricarboxylic acid cycle) makes a lower variability likely, hence the AF of 5 by ECETOC (2010) is sufficiently conservative for general population.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The key study was conducted according to modern regulatory standards and was adequately reported. On this basis the quality of the database is not considered to contribute uncertainty and it is therefore not necessary to apply an additional factor.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: ECHA REACH Guidance and ECETOC 2010
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 120
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The NOAEC is reliable. No adjustment is required.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- AF for extrapolation from Sub-chronic to chronic (ECHA 2008).
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Allometric scaling rat to humans AF 4 (ECHA 2008).
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- The substances are metabolised via general metabolic pathways that are common and very similar to rodents and humans and the absence of any specific target organs indicating a specific MOA at high concentrations there is no reason to believe that an additional AF of 2.5 for remaining differences is justified.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Known mode of action involving ubiquitous and non-specific enzyme systems (carboxylesterases, tricarboxylic acid cycle) makes a lower variability likely, hence the AF of 5 by ECETOC (2010) is sufficiently conservative for general population.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The key study was conducted according to modern regulatory standards and was adequately reported. On this basis the quality of the database is not considered to contribute uncertainty and it is therefore not necessary to apply an additional factor.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
Long-term exposure –systemic effects, dermal
Description |
Value |
Remark |
Step 1) Relevant dose-descriptor |
300 mg/kg |
NOAEL for effects on kidney weight and kidney histopathology in rats given HEMA by oral gavage in OECD 422 protocol |
Step 2) Modification of starting point |
- |
- |
Step 3) Assessment factors |
|
|
Interspecies |
4 |
Conversion of rat oral exposure to human dermal exposure using ECHA Ch R8, Ex. B5, page 69.. Human NOAEC = Oral NOAEL X 1 (Absorption factor for oral to dermal route =1; ECHA Ch R8. page 25.) Allometric scaling factor of 4 is necessary because conversion is from rat oral to human dermal (Ch R8. p.30). |
Intraspecies |
5 |
A combined interspecies and intraspecies assessment factor of 5 is applied as developed in the ECETOC review of appropriate AFs for workers |
Exposure duration |
6 |
The key studies were subacute toxicity studies in animals which require extrapolation to a working lifetime in humans. |
Dose response |
1 |
The NOAEC is reliable. No adjustment is required. |
Quality of database |
1 |
The key studies were of high quality.No adjustment is required. |
DNEL |
Value |
|
|
Using a total AF of 120 a DNELlong-term,workerof 2.5 mg/kg is derived. |
Long-term exposure –systemic effects, inhalation
Description |
Value |
Remark |
Step 1) Relevant dose-descriptor |
300 mg/kg |
NOAEL for effects on body weight and food consumption in rats given HPMA by oral gavage in OECD 422 protocol |
Step 2) Modification of starting point |
264.5 mg/m3 |
Modification of starting point involves conversion of rat oral exposure to human inhalation exposure using ECHA Ch R8, Fig. 8.3. Human NOAEC = Oral NOAEL X 1/0.38 m3/kg/d X 0.5 absn. Default X 6.7/10 |
Step 3) Assessment factors |
|
|
Interspecies |
1 |
Allometric scaling factor of 4 is not necessary because conversion is from rat oral to human inhalation (Ch R8. p.30). Remaining interspecies default AF of 2.5 is not necessary because a combined inter- and intra-species factor is applied. |
Intraspecies |
5 |
A combined interspecies and intraspecies assessment factor of 5 is applied as developed in the ECETOC review of appropriate AFs for general public |
Exposure duration |
6 |
The key studies were subacute toxicity studies in animals which require extrapolation to a working lifetime in humans. |
Dose response |
1 |
The NOAEC is reliable. No adjustment is required. |
Quality of database |
1 |
The key studies were of high quality.No adjustment is required. |
DNEL |
Value |
|
|
Using a total AF of 30 a DNELlong-term,publicof 8.8 mg/m3 is derived. |
Long-term exposure –systemic effects, oral
Description |
Value |
Remark |
Step 1) Relevant dose-descriptor |
300 mg/kg |
NOAEL for effects on body weight gain and food consumption in rats given HPMA by oral gavage in OECD 422 protocol |
Step 2) Modification of starting point |
- |
- |
Step 3) Assessment factors |
|
|
Interspecies |
4 |
Conversion of rat oral exposure to human oral exposure using ECHA Ch R8, Table 8.3. Human Oral NOAEL= Rat Oral NOAEL / 4 Additional allometric scaling factor of 2.5 interspecies factor is not necessary because incorporated into a combined inter-intraspecies factor |
Intraspecies |
5 |
A combined interspecies and intraspecies assessment factor of 5 is applied as developed in the ECETOC review of appropriate AFs for general population |
Exposure duration |
6 |
The key studies were subacute toxicity studies in animals which require extrapolation to a working lifetime in humans. |
Dose response |
1 |
The NOAEC is reliable. No adjustment is required. |
Quality of database |
1 |
The key studies were of high quality.No adjustment is required. |
DNEL |
Value |
|
|
Using a total AF of 120 a DNELlong-term,publicof 2.5 mg/kg is derived. |
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.

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