2-furaldehyde

Specific investigations: other studies

Administrative data

Endpoint:

specific investigations: other studies

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP, non guideline animal experimental research study, published in peer reviewed literature. Restrictions in design and reporting but otherwise adequate for reporting.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Experimental research on toxicity of furfural

Author:

Castellino N, Elmino O, Rozera G

Year:

1963

Bibliographic source:

Archives of Environmental Health 1963; 7: 574 582

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Inhalation exposure 4 hours/day/5 days per week until death (<80 days)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of method:

in vivo

Endpoint addressed:

respiratory irritation

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

2-furaldehyde

EC Number:

202-627-7

EC Name:

2-furaldehyde

Cas Number:

98-01-1

Molecular formula:

C5H4O2

IUPAC Name:

2-furaldehyde

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

furfural

IUPAC Name:

furfural

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Furfural
- Physical state: Amber coloured oily liquid
- No further details reported

Test animals

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

not specified

Sex:

not specified

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

No details reported

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

inhalation

Vehicle:

not specified

Details on exposure:

Exposure: 200, 500 add 1000 mg/m3/h for 4 hours/day, 5 days per week until death.
1g furfural was evaporated in 1000 L air, with flow of 1000 L of air per hour.
GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: Metallic cylindrical cage, volume 0.288 m3
- Source and rate of air: 1000L air/hour produced by a compressor, measured and heated.
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: The air flow bubbled through a furfural water solution, heated by water bath. The furfural solution was renewed hourly. Even distribution was achieved by use of an agitator in the cage.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

not specified

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

No data

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Until death (<80 days)

Frequency of treatment:

4 hours/day, 5 days/week,

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
200, 500 and 1000 mg/m3/hour by inhalation
Basis:
nominal conc.

No. of animals per sex per dose:

No data

Control animals:

no

Examinations

Examinations:

Limited toxicological parameters assessed, including kidney and liver function and histopathologiacl assessment.

Positive control:

none

Results and discussion

Details on results:

At 1000 mg/m3/h the rabbits the rabbits died after 8-10 days of exposure. There were signs of irritation of the conjunctiva and the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract at the end of each exposure. At autopsy, the lungs appeared congested and oedematous. There were no further detailed assessments of the animals or histopathology at this exposure level.

Rabbits died after 17-20 days exposure to 500 mg/m3/h. There was a significant reduction in the glomerular filtration and maximal tubular excretion capacity values indicative of renal impairment, which was confirmed by histopathological findings of minor glomerular and tubular lesions. There was no effect on hepatic function. There was a normochromic anaemia with slight signs of hyperplasia of the erytroblastic medullar parenchyma but number of platelets, fibrinogen and coagulation tests were normal.

Animals exposed to 200 mg/m3 showed no signs of intoxication (biochemical or histopathological) after 60-80 days exposure.

Any other information on results incl. tables

At 1000 mg/m3/h the rabbits the rabbits died after 8-10 days of exposure. There were signs of irritation of the conjunctiva and the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract at the end of each exposure. At autopsy, the lungs appeared congested and oedematous. There were no further detailed assessments of the animals or histopathology at this exposure level. Rabbits died after 17-20 days exposure to 500 mg/m3/h. There was a significant reduction in the glomerular filtration and maximal tubular excretion capacity values indicative of renal impairment, which was confirmed by histopathological findings of minor glomerular and tubular lesions. There was no effect on hepatic function. There was a normochromic anaemia with slight signs of hyperplasia of the erytroblastic medullar parenchyma but number of platelets, fibrinogen and coagulation tests were normal. Animals exposed to 200 mg/m3 showed no signs of intoxication (biochemical or histopathological) after 60-80 days exposure.

Biochemical measurements of rabbits exposed to 500 mg/m3/hour (death after 17 -20 exposures) indicated some renal impairment as evidenced by a reduction in glomerular filtration and maximal tubular excretion capacity values. This was confirmed by histopathological findings of minor glomerular and tubular lesions. Hepatic function however was normal

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Rabbits showed signs of irritation of the conjunctivae and the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract after exposure to 1000 mg/m3 for 4 hours, 5 days per week until death (8-10 days).

Executive summary:

Groups of rabbits were exposed, whole body, 4 hours/day for 5 days/week until death, to furfural at concentrations of 200, 500 or 1000 mg/m3/hour.

 

At 1000 mg/m3/h the rabbits the rabbits died after 8-10 days of exposure. There were signs of irritation of the conjunctiva and the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract at the end of each exposure. At autopsy, the lungs appeared congested and oedematous. There were no further detailed assessments of the animals or histopathology at this exposure level.

 

Rabbits died after 17-20 days exposure to 500 mg/m3/h. There was a significant reduction in the glomerular filtration and maximal tubular excretion capacity values indicative of renal impairment, which was confirmed by histopathological findings of minor glomerular and tubular lesions. There was no effect on hepatic function. There was a normochromic anaemia with slight signs of hyperplasia of the erytroblastic medullar parenchyma but number of platelets, fibrinogen and coagulation tests were normal. The anaemia is considered to be due to myeloininhibitory effect.

 

Animals exposed to 200 mg/m3 showed no signs of intoxication (biochemical or histopathological) after 60-80 days exposure.