Titanium tetraisopropanolate

Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity

Some information in this page has been claimed confidential.

Administrative data

Endpoint:

developmental toxicity

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

not reported

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Data obtained from peer-reviewed publication.

Cross-reference

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1994

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OTS 798.4900 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)

GLP compliance:

yes

Remarks:

Conducted in compliance with the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Good Laboratory Paractices Standards (U.S. EPA, 1989a)

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

Propan-2-ol

EC Number:

200-661-7

EC Name:

Propan-2-ol

Cas Number:

67-63-0

Molecular formula:

C3H8O

IUPAC Name:

propan-2-ol

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol)
- Physical state: colorless liquid
- Analytical purity: 99.95+/-0,01%
- Storage condition of test material: refrigerated

Test animals

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

New Zealand White

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Hazleton Research Products, Inc., Denver, PA
- Age at study initiation: 5.5 months
- Weight at study initiation: 2750 to 3800 g
- Fasting period before study: not reported
- Housing: singly in stainless steel cages with mesh flooring (Hoeltge, Inc., Cincinnati, OH)
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): #5322 Purina Certified Rabbit Chow ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): deionized/filtered tap water ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 2 weeks


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 17.3 to 20.6 °C
- Humidity (%): 48.4 to 54.4%
- Air changes (per hr): not reported
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hrs dark/ 12 hrs light

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

other: deionized/distilled water

Details on exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS: Study dosing solutions were formulated at 0.0, 60.0, 120.0 and 240.0 mg/mL, corresponding 0.0, 120.0, 240.0 and 480.0 mg/kg/day at a dosing volume of 2.0ml/kg.

Amount of vehicle: 2ml/kg bw

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Concentration of dosing formulations were confirmed by gas chromatography (Hewlet Packard 5890A), with a 30mm x 0,32mm (i.d) capillary column. All formulations were within 97.1-106% of target concentration

Details on mating procedure:

- Impregnation procedure: artificial insemination

Duration of treatment / exposure:

From day 6 to 18 of gestation

Frequency of treatment:

Daily

Duration of test:

On gestation day (GD) 0 animals were distributed into groups. Test material was administered during GD 6 through GD 18. On GD 30 maternal animals were euthanized/necropsied and embryo/fetal observations were performed

No. of animals per sex per dose:

A total of 15 females per dose were treated; two females in the 120 mg/kg bw/day dose group were not pregnant at sacrifice.

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: The doses for the range-finding study in pregnant rabbits were 0, 312.5, 625, 1250 mg/kg bw/day, 10 inseminated does per group. All does at 1250mg/kg/day died or were were euthanized moribund by GD8. Seven does at 625 mg/kg/day died or were euthanized moribund by GD 12. There was no observable maternal or developmental toxicity at 312 312.5mg/kg/day. The highest dose level was chosen to induce overt maternal toxicity, but not to cause a weight loss greater than 20% when compared to concurrent controls, nor to cause greater than 10% maternal mortality. The low dose was selected to be a maternal/developmental no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL). The mid-dose was halfway between the high and low doses.
- Rationale for animal assignment (if not random): Animals were assigned to treatment groups by a stratified randomization method designed to provide uniform mean body weights across dose groups at the initiation of the study.

Examinations

Maternal examinations:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: at least once daily on gestation days 0-5 (prior to dosing) and 19-30 (after dosing period); twice daily at dosing and 1-2 hours after dosing, throughout the dosing period (gestation days 6 through 18).
- Cage side observations checked in table [No.?] were included.

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: No

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: gestation days 0, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24, and 30.

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study): Yes
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: not applicable

WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): No

POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS: Yes
- Sacrifice on gestation day 30
- Organs examined: thoracic and abdominal cavities, maternal body, liver and uterus weights recorded.

Ovaries and uterine content:

The ovaries and uterine content was examined after termination: Yes
Examinations included:
- Gravid uterus weight: Yes
- Number of corpora lutea: Yes
- Number of implantations: Yes
- Number of early resorptions: Yes
- Number of late resorptions: Yes
- Other: dead and live fetuses

Fetal examinations:

- External examinations: Yes: all per litter
- Soft tissue examinations: Yes: all per litter
- Skeletal examinations: Yes: all per litter
- Head examinations: Yes: half per litter

Statistics:

Parametric statistical procedures were applied to selected measures from this toxicity study. Appropriate General Linear Models (GLM) procedures (SAS Institute Inc., 1985a, 1985b) for the proposed Analyses of Variance (ANOVA) were employed. Prior to GLM analysis, an arcsine-square root transformation was performed on all litter-derived percentage data (Snedecor and Cochran, 1967) and Bartlett’s test for homogeneity of variance (alpha level = 0.001) was performed on all data to be analyzed by ANOVA (Winer, 1962). GLM analysis was used to determine the significance of the dose-response relationships (Test for Linear Trend), and to determine whether significant dose effects had occurred for selected measures (ANOVA). When a significant (p<0.05) main effect for dose occurred, Williams’ Multiple Comparison Test (Williams, 1971; 1972) and/or Dunnett’s Multiple Comparison Test (Dunnett, 1955; 1964) was used to compare each exposed group to the vehicle control group for that measure. A one-tailed test (i.e., Williams’ Test and/or Dunnett’s Test) was used for all pairwise comparisons except that a two-tailed test was used for maternal body and organ weight parameters, maternal food consumption, fetal body weight, and percent males per litter. Nominal scale measures were analyzed by Chi-Square Test for Independence for differences among treatment groups, and by a test for linear trend on proportions (Snedecor and Cochran, 1967). When Chi-Square revealed significant (p<0.05) differences among groups, then a one-tailed Fisher’s Exact Probability Test was used for pair wise comparisons between each treated group and the vehicle control group.

Indices:

Dams: pregnancy; corpora lutea; implantation sites per litter; percent preimplantation loss; live fetuses per litter; total and percent: resorptions per litter, litters with resorptions, late fetal deaths per litter, litters with late fetal deaths, nonlive implants per litter, litters with nonlive implants, adversely affected implants per litter; male and female fetuses per litter; average fetal body weight per litter; average male fetal body weight per litter; and average female fetal body weight per litter.

Historical control data:

The designation of fetal alterations as malformations or variations was based on the literature and on historical control data in the performing laboratory.

Results and discussion

Results: maternal animals

Maternal developmental toxicity

Details on maternal toxic effects:

Maternal toxic effects:yes

Details on maternal toxic effects:
For does died at 480 mg/kg/day (4/15; 26,7%). Maternal body weight change was statistically significantly reduced at 480 mg/kg/day for GD 6-18 ( 45,5% of control value). Maternal food consumption was statisticaly significantly reduced at 480mg/kg/day. Corrected maternal gestational weight change (gestational weight change minus gravid uterine weight) was substantially reduced at 480 mg/kg/day relative to the control value. Furthermore, clear signs of treatment-related toxicity was observed in the 480mg/kg/day group. At 240 and 120mg/kg/day relatively mild and transient signs of toxicity were observed.

Effect levels (maternal animals)

1

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

240 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Basis for effect level:

other: maternal toxicity

2

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

480 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Basis for effect level:

other: developmental toxicity

Results (fetuses)

Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:

Embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:no effects

Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
There was no demonstrable developmental toxicity at a dose resulting in significant maternal toxicity (480 mg/kg/day) or at doses with only relatively mild and transient clinical signs of toxicity (240 and 120 mg/kg/day).

Effect levels (fetuses)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Remarks on result:

not determinable

Remarks:

There was no demonstrable developmental toxicity at a dose resulting in significant maternal toxicity (480 mg/kg/day) or at doses with only relatively mild and transient clinical signs of toxicity (240 and 120 mg/kg/day).

Fetal abnormalities

Abnormalities:

not specified

Overall developmental toxicity

Developmental effects observed:

not specified

Any other information on results incl. tables

Read-across justifications and data matrices are presented in IUCLID section 13.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Propan-2-ol was not teratogenic when administered orally during GD6-18 to rabbits. By the publication, the NOAEL for maternal toxicity was 240 mg/kg/day and the NOAEL for developmental toxicity was 480 mg/kg/day.

Executive summary:

Possible prenatal developmental toxicity of propan-2 -ol in rabbits was evaluated in this study conducted according to U.S EPA guideline 40 CFR 798.4900 under U.S. EPA Good Laboratory Paractice (GLP) Standards.

Artificially inseminated rabbits were, 15/group, dosed orally with propan-2 -ol at 0, 120, 240 or 480mg/kg bw/day once daily on gestation days 6 throught 18. Clinical observations were made at least once daily throughout the study period. Rabbits were weighed and food consumption was recorded every 6 or 3 days during gestation. Maternal animals were euthanized at 1 day prior expected parturition and necropsied. Fetuses were examined for external and visceral alterations and in addition soft tissue, skeletal and head examinations were performed.

Treatment with propan-2 -ol up to 240 mg/kg bw/day was well tolerated by the rabbits. Clinical signs, if any, at 120 and 240mg/kg/day is not clear; these signs were slight and transient and most probably indicators of stress. Maternal rabbits exhibited increased mortality, reduced weight gain and food consumption, and specific clinical signs at a 480mg/kg bw/day dose. There was no indication of developmental toxicity, even at a dose which resulted in 26,7% maternal mortality.

Based on test results, the following No Observed Adverse Effect Levels (NOAEL) were derived:

Maternal NOAEL: 240 mg/kg/day

Developmental NOAEL: 480 mg/kg/day

The results of this study would not lead to the classification for reproduction developmental toxicity according to EU Directive 67/548/EEC and EU Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP) Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.