Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 202-859-9 | CAS number: 100-51-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Consumer Uses
Documentsopen allclose all
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Product category (PC):
- PC 0: Other: Electronic cigarette
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Consumer use indoor and outdoor
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Consumer use indoor and outdoor
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- PC 39: Cosmetics, personal care products
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
Consumer uses
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wide dispersive outdoor use of processing aids in open systems
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Joint sealant
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Tube glue
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Universal/wood glue
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Construction glue
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Spray glue
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wood parquet glue, Mixing/Loading
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Wood parquet glue, Application
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Filler/Putty from tube
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Two-component filler, Mixing/Loading
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Two-component filler, Application
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Putty spray
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Air care products: Spray application (child, post application)
- Product category (PC):
- PC 3: Air care products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Air care products: Spray application
- Product category (PC):
- PC 3: Air care products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Air care products: Electrical evaporators
- Product category (PC):
- PC 3: Air care products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Air care products: Electrical evaporators (child, post application)
- Product category (PC):
- PC 3: Air care products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Coating and Paints: General coating
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Coating and Paints: Paint remover
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Coating and Paints: Brush and roller painting with solvent rich paint
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Coating and Paints: Brush and roller painting with water borne paint
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Coating and Paints: Pneumatic spraying
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wall plaster
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9b: Fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay
- Name of activity / technique:
- Ink and Toners
- Product category (PC):
- PC 18: Ink and toners
- Name of activity / technique:
- Leather treatment products: Shoe polish spray
- Product category (PC):
- PC 23: Leather treatment products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Leather treatment products: Shoe cream
- Product category (PC):
- PC 23: Leather treatment products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Fragrance products: Perfumed articles
- Product category (PC):
- PC 28: Perfumes, fragrances
- Name of activity / technique:
- Fragrance products: Perfumed candles
- Product category (PC):
- PC 28: Perfumes, fragrances
- Name of activity / technique:
- Polishes and Wax Blends: Shoe polish spray
- Product category (PC):
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- Name of activity / technique:
- Polishes and wax blends: Shoe cream
- Product category (PC):
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- Name of activity / technique:
- Polishes and Wax Blends: Floor polish
- Product category (PC):
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- Name of activity / technique:
- Polishes and Wax Blends: Floor sealer
- Product category (PC):
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- Name of activity / technique:
- Textile dyes and impregnating products: Loading of washing machines with liquid detergent
- Product category (PC):
- PC 34: Textile dyes, and impregnating products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Textile dyes and impregnating products: Manual washing with liquid detergent
- Product category (PC):
- PC 34: Textile dyes, and impregnating products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Textile dyes and impregnating products: Residues on clothing after washing with liquid detergent
- Product category (PC):
- PC 34: Textile dyes, and impregnating products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Textile dyes and impregnating products: Use of pastes
- Product category (PC):
- PC 34: Textile dyes, and impregnating products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning Including Textile Treatment: Loading of washing machines with liquid detergent
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning Including Textile Treatment: Manual washing with liquid detergent
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning Including Textile Treatment: Residues on clothing after washing with liquid detergent
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning Including Textile Treatment: Use of pastes
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of All Purpose Cleaners: Liquid Cleaner, Mixing/Loading
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of All Purpose Cleaners: Liquid Cleaner, Application
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of All Purpose Cleaners: Spray Cleaner, Spraying
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of All Purpose Cleaners: Spray Cleaner, Cleaning
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of Sanitary Products: Bathroom cleaning liquid, Mixing/Loading
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of Sanitary Products: Bathroom cleaning liquid, Application
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of all Sanitary products: Bathroom cleaning spray, Spraying
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of all Sanitary products: Bathroom cleaning spray, Cleaning
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of all Sanitary Products: Liquid toilet rim cleaner
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Product category (PC):
- PC 8: Biocidal products (e.g. disinfectants, pest control)
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Product category (PC):
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
Consumer uses
- Name:
- 2028599_ITSUK4_benzyl_alcohol
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- Reference substance:
- 2028599_ITSUK4_benzyl_alcohol
- Name of activity / technique:
- Consumer Use - indoor and outdoor - all uses
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Consumer Use - indoor and outdoor - all uses
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- PC 3: Air care products
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- PC 9b: Fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay
- PC 18: Ink and toners
- PC 23: Leather treatment products
- PC 28: Perfumes, fragrances
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- PC 34: Textile dyes, and impregnating products
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- PC 39: Cosmetics, personal care products
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use not assessed
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Joint sealant
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Tube glue
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Universal/wood glue
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Construction glue
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Spray glue
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wood parquet glue, Mixing/Loading
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Wood parquet glue, Application
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Filler/Putty from tube
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Two-component filler, Mixing/Loading
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Two-component filler, Application
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Putty spray
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Air care products: Spray application (child, post application)
- Product category (PC):
- PC 3: Air care products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Air care products: Spray application
- Product category (PC):
- PC 3: Air care products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Air care products: Electrical evaporators
- Product category (PC):
- PC 3: Air care products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Air care products: Electrical evaporators (child, post application)
- Product category (PC):
- PC 3: Air care products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Coating and Paints: General coating
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Coating and Paints: Paint remover
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Coating and Paints: Brush and roller painting with solvent rich paint
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Coating and Paints: Brush and roller painting with water borne paint
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Coating and Paints: Pneumatic spraying
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wall plaster
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9b: Fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay
- Name of activity / technique:
- Ink and Toners
- Product category (PC):
- PC 18: Ink and toners
- Name of activity / technique:
- Leather treatment products: Shoe polish spray
- Product category (PC):
- PC 23: Leather treatment products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Leather treatment products: Shoe cream
- Product category (PC):
- PC 23: Leather treatment products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Fragrance products: Perfumed articles
- Product category (PC):
- PC 28: Perfumes, fragrances
- Name of activity / technique:
- Fragrance products: Perfumed candles
- Product category (PC):
- PC 28: Perfumes, fragrances
- Name of activity / technique:
- Polishes and Wax Blends: Shoe polish spray
- Product category (PC):
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- Name of activity / technique:
- Polishes and wax blends: Shoe cream
- Product category (PC):
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- Name of activity / technique:
- Polishes and Wax Blends: Floor polish
- Product category (PC):
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- Name of activity / technique:
- Polishes and Wax Blends: Floor sealer
- Product category (PC):
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- Name of activity / technique:
- Textile dyes and impregnating products: Loading of washing machines with liquid detergent
- Product category (PC):
- PC 34: Textile dyes, and impregnating products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Textile dyes and impregnating products: Manual washing with liquid detergent
- Product category (PC):
- PC 34: Textile dyes, and impregnating products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Textile dyes and impregnating products: Residues on clothing after washing with liquid detergent
- Product category (PC):
- PC 34: Textile dyes, and impregnating products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Textile dyes and impregnating products: Use of pastes
- Product category (PC):
- PC 34: Textile dyes, and impregnating products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning Including Textile Treatment: Loading of washing machines with liquid detergent
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning Including Textile Treatment: Manual washing with liquid detergent
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning Including Textile Treatment: Residues on clothing after washing with liquid detergent
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning Including Textile Treatment: Use of pastes
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of All Purpose Cleaners: Liquid Cleaner, Mixing/Loading
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of All Purpose Cleaners: Liquid Cleaner, Application
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of All Purpose Cleaners: Spray Cleaner, Spraying
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of All Purpose Cleaners: Spray Cleaner, Cleaning
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of Sanitary Products: Bathroom cleaning liquid, Mixing/Loading
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of Sanitary Products: Bathroom cleaning liquid, Application
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of all Sanitary products: Bathroom cleaning spray, Spraying
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of all Sanitary products: Bathroom cleaning spray, Cleaning
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of all Sanitary Products: Liquid toilet rim cleaner
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Product category (PC):
- PC 28: Perfumes, fragrances
- PC 39: Cosmetics, personal care products
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
- Pattern of exposure:
- continuous / frequent
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8c: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Product category (PC):
- PC 0: Other: tabacco products
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Product category (PC):
- PC 3: Air care products
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9b: Fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay
- Product category (PC):
- PC 18: Ink and toners
- Product category (PC):
- PC 23: Leather treatment products
- Product category (PC):
- PC 28: Perfumes, fragrances
- Product category (PC):
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- Product category (PC):
- PC 34: Textile dyes, and impregnating products
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Product category (PC):
- PC 39: Cosmetics, personal care products
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Product category (PC):
- PC 0: Other: Tobacco Products
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
Consumer uses
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of Benzyl alcohol as solvent in consumer products
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of Benzyl alcohol as solvent in consumer products
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- PC 3: Air care products
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- PC 9b: Fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay
- PC 18: Ink and toners
- PC 28: Perfumes, fragrances
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- PC 39: Cosmetics, personal care products
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Product category (PC):
- PC 28: Perfumes, fragrances
- PC 39: Cosmetics, personal care products
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8b: Widespread use of reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8e: Widespread use of reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9b: Fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9c: Finger paints
- Product category (PC):
- PC 18: Ink and toners
- Product category (PC):
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- Product category (PC):
- PC 34: Textile dyes, and impregnating products
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Product category (PC):
- PC 0: Other: buildings & constructing; distributors
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8b: Widespread use of reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8e: Widespread use of reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9b: Fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9c: Finger paints
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Product category (PC):
- PC 18: Ink and toners
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
Consumer uses
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Joint sealant
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Tube glue
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Universal/wood glue
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Construction glue
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Spray glue
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wood parquet glue, Mixing/Loading
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Wood parquet glue, Application
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Filler/Putty from tube
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Two-component filler, Mixing/Loading
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Two-component filler, Application
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Adhesives: Putty spray
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Name of activity / technique:
- Air care products: Spray application (child, post application)
- Product category (PC):
- PC 3: Air care products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Air care products: Spray application
- Product category (PC):
- PC 3: Air care products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Air care products: Electrical evaporators
- Product category (PC):
- PC 3: Air care products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Air care products: Electrical evaporators (child, post application)
- Product category (PC):
- PC 3: Air care products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Coating and Paints: General coating
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Coating and Paints: Paint remover
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Coating and Paints: Brush and roller painting with solvent rich paint
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Coating and Paints: Brush and roller painting with water borne paint
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Coating and Paints: Pneumatic spraying
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wall plaster
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9b: Fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay
- Name of activity / technique:
- Ink and Toners
- Product category (PC):
- PC 18: Ink and toners
- Name of activity / technique:
- Leather treatment products: Shoe polish spray
- Product category (PC):
- PC 23: Leather treatment products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Leather treatment products: Shoe cream
- Product category (PC):
- PC 23: Leather treatment products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Fragrance products: Perfumed articles
- Product category (PC):
- PC 28: Perfumes, fragrances
- Name of activity / technique:
- Fragrance products: Perfumed candles
- Product category (PC):
- PC 28: Perfumes, fragrances
- Name of activity / technique:
- Polishes and Wax Blends: Shoe polish spray
- Product category (PC):
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- Name of activity / technique:
- Polishes and wax blends: Shoe cream
- Product category (PC):
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- Name of activity / technique:
- Polishes and Wax Blends: Floor polish
- Product category (PC):
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- Name of activity / technique:
- Polishes and Wax Blends: Floor sealer
- Product category (PC):
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- Name of activity / technique:
- Textile dyes and impregnating products: Loading of washing machines with liquid detergent
- Product category (PC):
- PC 34: Textile dyes, and impregnating products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Textile dyes and impregnating products: Manual washing with liquid detergent
- Product category (PC):
- PC 34: Textile dyes, and impregnating products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Textile dyes and impregnating products: Residues on clothing after washing with liquid detergent
- Product category (PC):
- PC 34: Textile dyes, and impregnating products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Textile dyes and impregnating products: Use of pastes
- Product category (PC):
- PC 34: Textile dyes, and impregnating products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning Including Textile Treatment: Loading of washing machines with liquid detergent
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning Including Textile Treatment: Manual washing with liquid detergent
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning Including Textile Treatment: Residues on clothing after washing with liquid detergent
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning Including Textile Treatment: Use of pastes
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of All Purpose Cleaners: Liquid Cleaner, Mixing/Loading
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of All Purpose Cleaners: Liquid Cleaner, Application
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of All Purpose Cleaners: Spray Cleaner, Spraying
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of All Purpose Cleaners: Spray Cleaner, Cleaning
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of Sanitary Products: Bathroom cleaning liquid, Mixing/Loading
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of Sanitary Products: Bathroom cleaning liquid, Application
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of all Sanitary products: Bathroom cleaning spray, Spraying
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of all Sanitary products: Bathroom cleaning spray, Cleaning
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing and Cleaning: Use of all Sanitary Products: Liquid toilet rim cleaner
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Consumer uses
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Regulatory status:
- other: Use in tobacco products
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Use name:
- Formulation of preparations - professional
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Product category formulated:
- PC 0: Other: Tobacco products and/or Liquids for Electronic Cigarettes
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
- Product category (PC):
- PC 0: Other: Tobacco products and/or Liquids for Electronic Cigarettes
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Product category (PC):
- PC 3: Air care products
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9b: Fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9c: Finger paints
- Product category (PC):
- PC 18: Ink and toners
- Product category (PC):
- PC 23: Leather treatment products
- Product category (PC):
- PC 24: Lubricants, greases, release products
- Product category (PC):
- PC 28: Perfumes, fragrances
- Product category (PC):
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- Product category (PC):
- PC 34: Textile dyes, and impregnating products
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Product category (PC):
- PC 39: Cosmetics, personal care products
- Product category (PC):
- PC 0: Other: Building&construction
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Consumer uses
- Regulatory status:
- use in plant protection products
- other: Consumer Use as an insect repellent
- Name:
- benzyl alcohol
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- liquid
- Related composition:
- benzyl alcohol
- Reference substance:
- benzyl alcohol
- Name of activity / technique:
- Consumer Use as an insect repellent
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Environmental contributing scenario 1: Consumer Use as an insect repellent
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- Product category (PC):
- PC 19: Intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Consumer contributing scenario 1: Use in cosmetics and personal care products. (PC 19)
- Product category (PC):
- PC 19: Intermediate
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC based
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC based
- Release from the site to::
- non-agricultural soil
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC based
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 2 mg/m³
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 2 mg/m³
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to consumer activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Product (article) characteristic
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
RelWasteEnvirRep2open allclose all
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
Exposure of humans via the environment
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
Reference
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
Consumer uses
- Regulatory status:
- other: Used as precursor to a variety of esters, used in the soap, perfume, and flavor industries.
- Name:
- benzyl alcohol
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- liquid
- Related composition:
- benzyl alcohol
- Reference substance:
- benzyl alcohol
- Name of activity / technique:
- Used as precursor to a variety of esters, used in the soap, perfume, and flavor industries.
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Environmental contributing scenario 1: Used as precursor to a variety of esters, used in the soap, perfume, and flavor industries.
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Product category (PC):
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Product category (PC):
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- Name of activity / technique:
- Consumer contributing scenario 1: Consumer use 1 (PC 9a)
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Consumer contributing scenario 2: Consumer use 2 (PC 14)
- Product category (PC):
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Name of activity / technique:
- . Consumer contributing scenario 3: Consumer use 3 (PC 20)
- Product category (PC):
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC based
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC based
- Release from the site to::
- non-agricultural soil
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC based
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 2 mg/m³
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 2 mg/m³
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- b2c6401e-aa08-452a-a7b0-0bcec3d2a9a5
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 2 mg/m³
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 2 mg/m³
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- 859c5111-37f7-4da1-b08d-5eefa31aa334
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 2 mg/m³
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 2 mg/m³
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to consumer activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Product (article) characteristic
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
RelWasteEnvirRep2open allclose all
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
Exposure of humans via the environment
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
Reference
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
Reference
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
Reference
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- PC 3: Air care products
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- PC 9b: Fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay
- PC 18: Ink and toners
- PC 23: Leather treatment products
- PC 28: Perfumes, fragrances
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- PC 34: Textile dyes, and impregnating products
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- PC 39: Cosmetics, personal care products
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
Consumer uses
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Ink and toners
- Product category (PC):
- PC 18: Ink and toners
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
Consumer uses
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Regulatory status:
- use in cosmetics products
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Product category (PC):
- PC 39: Cosmetics, personal care products
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Product category (PC):
- PC 18: Ink and toners
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Consumer uses
- Regulatory status:
- other: Consumer Use of Benzyl alcohol as solvent
- Name:
- benzyl alcohol
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- liquid
- Related composition:
- benzyl alcohol
- Reference substance:
- benzyl alcohol
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8b: Widespread use of reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Environmental contributing scenario 1: Consumer Use of Benzyl alcohol as solvent
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8b: Widespread use of reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- Product category (PC):
- PC 19: Intermediate
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- PC 18: Ink and toners
- Product category (PC):
- PC 21: Laboratory chemicals
- Product category (PC):
- PC 32: Polymer preparations and compounds
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Consumer contributing scenario 1: Consumer use 1 (PC 20)
- Product category (PC):
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- Name of activity / technique:
- Consumer contributing scenario 2: Consumer use 2 (PC 32)
- Product category (PC):
- PC 32: Polymer preparations and compounds
- Name of activity / technique:
- Consumer contributing scenario 3: Consumer use4 (PC 35)
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Consumer contributing scenario 4: Consumer use 3 (PC 19)
- Product category (PC):
- PC 19: Intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Consumer contributing scenario 5: Consumer use 5 (PC 21)
- Product category (PC):
- PC 21: Laboratory chemicals
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC based
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC based
- Release from the site to::
- non-agricultural soil
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC based
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 5 mg/m³
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/m³
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- 0cbf1f6d-8858-4f5d-95f4-33e35570096b
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 2 mg/m³
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 2 mg/m³
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- 624536d6-e144-4d1c-b17c-2a21718ebb13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 2 mg/m³
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 2 mg/m³
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- 9f69300c-6bba-484f-97af-b4963eb9cf28
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 2 mg/m³
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 2 mg/m³
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- 6131fc1a-79e9-4f09-9c1e-ba7420a3861a
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 2 mg/m³
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 2 mg/m³
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- ECETOC TRA consumers
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to consumer activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Product (article) characteristic
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
RelWasteEnvirRep2open allclose all
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
Exposure of humans via the environment
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
Reference
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
Reference
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
Reference
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
Reference
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
Reference
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
Consumer uses
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Consumer use of candles
- Product category (PC):
- PC 0: Other: Candle
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Product category (PC):
- PC 34: Textile dyes, and impregnating products
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Consumer uses
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- ERC8c: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (indoor)
- ERC9a: Widespread use of functional fluid (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Product category (PC):
- PC 18: Ink and toners
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Product category (PC):
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- PC 3: Air care products
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- PC 9b: Fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay
- PC 18: Ink and toners
- PC 23: Leather treatment products
- PC 28: Perfumes, fragrances
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- PC 34: Textile dyes, and impregnating products
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- PC 39: Cosmetics, personal care products
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
Consumer uses
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Product category (PC):
- PC 3: Air care products
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
Consumer uses
- Name:
- Benzyl alcohol
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- Reference substance:
- Benzyl alcohol
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
- Product category (PC):
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- Product category (PC):
- PC 3: Air care products
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Product category (PC):
- PC 9b: Fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay
- Product category (PC):
- PC 18: Ink and toners
- Product category (PC):
- PC 23: Leather treatment products
- Name of activity / technique:
- PC 28 Perfumes Cosmetic Use, only environmental risk assessment is conducted; PC 28 Fragrance products - perfumed candles and other perfumed articles (e.g. writing paper, rubbers etc.) are considered.
- Product category (PC):
- PC 28: Perfumes, fragrances
- Product category (PC):
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- Product category (PC):
- PC 34: Textile dyes, and impregnating products
- Product category (PC):
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cosmetic Use, only environmental risk assessment is conducted.
- Product category (PC):
- PC 39: Cosmetics, personal care products
- Substance supplied to this use in the form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.