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EC number: 201-291-9 | CAS number: 80-56-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Justification for type of information:
- α-Pinene is a bicyclic monounsaturated monoterpene and (-)-α-pinene is an enantiomeric form of α-pinene. Therefore, data on (-)-alpha pinene can be extrapolated to alpha-pinene. (see read-across justification document in section 13).
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.475 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: mobility and behaviour
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CL = 0.248-1.132
- Details on results:
- See table 6.1.3/2.
- Mortality of control: No
- After 24 h of exposure, immobilizations were 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 25 and 50 % at 0, 0.156, 0.242, 0.361, 0.511, 0.685 and 1.190 mg/L, respectively. After 48 h of exposure, immobilizations were 0, 0, 35, 40, 35, 60 and 100 % at the respective concentrations.
- EC50 values at 24 and 48 h were 1.124 (0.934-1.598) and 0.475 (0.248-1.132) mg/L respectively, based on the average of measured concentrations. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid: Yes
- Historical data (dated: 09 January 2013): EC50 (24 h): 0.97 mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- - Effective concentrations including the 95 % confidence intervals were determined using Probit analysis by the software ToxRat® Professional.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- mortality in control < 10 % (no immobilisation observed); dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of test ≥ 60 % of the air-saturation value in all vessels
- Conclusions:
- The 48 h EC50 for (-)-alpha-pinene to Daphnia magna was estimated to be 0.475 (0.248-1.132) mg/L, based on the average of measured concentrations.
- Executive summary:
An acute aquatic toxicity study was performed on Daphnia magna with (-)-alpha-pinene in accordance with GLP and OECD Guideline 202. Following a preliminary range-finding test and a previous test, twenty daphnids (four replicates, five daphnids/replicate) were exposed to an aqueous solution of the test item, (-)-alpha pinene, at the required nominal test concentrations of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.7, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/L. The immobility of the daphnids was determined in a semi-static 48-h test by visual observation after 24 and 48 h.
The concentrations of the test item were determined by chemical analyses at the start (t = 0 h), at t = 24 h (new and old solutions) and at the end of the test (t = 48 h). The test item levels were found to be not stable throughout the test. Indeed, concentrations measured in freshly prepared solutions and in 24-h old solutions revealed that the concentration of the test item was not satisfactorily maintained within ± 20 % of the initial concentration throughout the test. Thus, the evaluation of the effects on Daphnia magna was based on the geometric means of the measured concentrations: 0.156, 0.242, 0.361, 0.511, 0.685 and 1.190 mg/L.
After 24 h of exposure, immobilizations were 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 25 and 50 % at 0, 0.156, 0.242, 0.361, 0.511, 0.685 and 1.190 mg/L, respectively. After 48 h of exposure, immobilizations were 0, 0, 35, 40, 35, 60 and 100 % at the respective concentrations. The EC50 values at 24 and 48 h were 1.124 (0.934-1.598) and 0.475 (0.248-1.132) mg/L respectively, based on the average of measured concentrations.
Reference
Table 6.1.3/2: Acute immobilization of daphnids after 24 and 48 hours in the final test
Nominal concentration (mg/L) |
Replicate |
Number of daphnids exposed |
Response at 24 h |
Response at 48 h |
||
Number |
Total % |
Number |
Total % |
|||
Control |
1 2 3 4 |
5 5 5 5 |
0 0 0 0 |
0 |
0 0 0 0 |
0 |
0.2 |
1 2 3 4 |
5 5 5 5 |
0 0 0 0 |
0 |
0 0 0 0 |
0 |
0.3 |
1 2 3 4 |
5 5 5 5 |
0 0 0 0 |
0 |
1 3 1 2 |
35 |
0.4 |
1 2 3 4 |
5 5 5 5 |
0 0 0 0 |
0 |
2 4 1 1 |
40 |
0.7 |
1 2 3 4 |
5 5 5 5 |
0 0 0 0 |
0 |
3 1 1 2 |
35 |
1.0 |
1 2 3 4 |
5 5 5 5 |
1 2 2 0 |
25 |
2 4 4 2 |
60 |
1.5 |
1 2 3 4 |
5 5 5 5 |
3 2 2 3 |
50 |
5 5 5 5 |
100 |
Description of key information
48h-EC50 for freshwater invertebrates of (-)-alpha-pinene was 0.475 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 0.475 mg/L
Additional information
One reliable study is available for (-)-alpha-pinene and is selected as key study. The toxicity of (-)-alpha pinene to freshwater Daphnia magna was studied according to OECD 202 and GLP. Daphnids were exposed to substance at nominal test concentrations of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.7, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/L over a test period of 48 hours (semi-static test, daily renewal, closed conditions). Concentrations were analytically verified at the start and daily until the end of the test (old and new test media). The concentration of the test item was not satisfactorily maintained within ± 20% of the initial concentration throughout the test. Thus, the endpoint was based on the geometric means of the measured concentrations. The 48h-EC50 was determined to be 0.475 mg/L, the EC0 and EC100 were 0.156 mg/L and 1.190 mg/L, respectively.
Thus the 48h-EC50 is valid for key value for chemical safety assessment.
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