Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 201-291-9 | CAS number: 80-56-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- September 2010
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- The study was performed according to recommended test guideline. The validity criteria were met and results were based on the measured concentration since deviation from the nominal concentration was greater than 20%. At a mean measured concentration of 0.60 mg/L, 100% of mortality was reported while no mortality was observed at a mean measured concentration of 0.12 mg/L. Therefore, the 96h-LC50 was approximated at 0.27 mg/L by calculating the geometric mean between the LC0 (0.12 mg/L) and the LC100 (0.60 mg/L).
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD series on testing and assessment number 23, 2000.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling method: samples for possible analysis were taken from all test concentrations and the control. The test samples were analysed freshly on the day of sampling. If required, the samples of 1, 2 or 3 ml were diluted with ISO-medium to obtain an end volume of 10 ml. To all samples, 100 µl acetonitrile was added. Acetonitrile was added to obtain a similar end solution as the end solution of the calibration solutions.
- Frequency: at the start of the test and after 72 hours from the freshly prepared solutions / at the first renawal (t=24 h) and the end of the test from the 24-hour old solutions
- Volume: varying from 1 to 10 mL from the approximate centre of the test vessels depending on concentration - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Water Soluble Fraction
- Differential loading: main test: 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100% of a WSF prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/L
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): the final test solutions were all clear and colourless. - Test organisms (species):
- Cyprinus carpio
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Carp
- Source: Zodiac, proefacc, 'De Haar Viessen", Wageningen University and Research Centre, The Netherlands
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): range-finding test: 2.3 ± 0.1 cm/ main test: 2.5 ± 0.2 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): range-fnding test: 0.30 ± 0.04 g / main test: 0.39 ± 0.1 g
- Method of breeding: F1 from a single parent-pair bred in UV-treated water
- Feeding during test: no feeding from 24 hours prior to the test and during the total test period
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: at least 12 days after delivery
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same as test
- Type and amount of food: pelleted fish food, no data on amount
- Feeding frequency: daily
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): mortality during the seven days prior to the start of the test was less than 5% - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No post-exposure observation period
- Hardness:
- 180 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- at the start of the test: 21.9 -22.3°C
During the test: 20.9- 21.7 °C - pH:
- at the stast of the test: 7.7-7.8
during the test: 7.4-8.0 - Dissolved oxygen:
- at the start of the test: 8.5-8.6 mg/L
during the test: 5.9 - 9.0 mg/L - Salinity:
- Not relevant
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - Nominal concentrations: 4.6, 10, 22, 46, 100 % of a WSF prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/L
- Average exposure concentrations: 0.015, 0.031, 0.047, 0.12 and 0.60 mg/L. See table 1 in "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables". - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: all-glass vessel
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed (air-tight vessels )
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Control, 4.6 en 10 % of WSF 6.5 litres and the remaining concentrations 3.5 litres, all-glass, containing 6.2 and 3.2 litres of test solution, respectively.
- Aeration: no aeration
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): daily
- No. of organisms per vessel: 7
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: Control, 4.6 en 10% of WSF 0.44 g fish/litre, i.e. 7 fish per 6.2 litres of test medium. 22, 46 and 100% of WSF 0.85 g fish/litre, i.e. 7 fish per 3.2 litres of test medium g fish/L
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Adjusted ISO medium, formulated using RO-water
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no adjustment
- Photoperiod: 16 hours photoperiod daily
- Light intensity: 5 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : mortality and other effects
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0.10, 1.0, 10 and 100% of a WSF prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- pentachlorophenol; tested at concentration of 0.10, 0.22 and 0.46 mg/L in ISO-medium.T
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.27
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Geometric mean between LC0 (0% mortality at 0.12 mg/L) and LC100 (100% mortality at 0.60 mg/L)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: The highest concentration without observed effect
- Effect conc.:
- 0.12 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- No clinical effects were observed but mortality was reported at 48h.
See the following table in the "Any other information results incl. tables" section:
Table 2: Incidence of mortality and total mortality during the main test - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The 96h-LC50 for carp exposed to PCP was estimated to be 0.15 mg/l (95 % confidence interval between 0.10 and 0.22 mg/l). This effect was already reached within 24 hours The range of the 96h-LC50 for carp is generally between 0.10 and 0.46 mg/L based on historical data of reference tests.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No reported statistics and error estimates
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Table 2: Incidence of mortality and total mortality during the main test
ALPHA PINENE
% WSF prepared at
100 mg/l
Initial
number
of fish
Cumulativemortality
Total
Mortality
(%)
4h
24h
48h
72h
96h
control
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.6
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
22
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
46
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
7
0
0
7
7
7
100
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- mortality of control not exceed 10%, constant conditions of test were maintained, the dissolved oxygen concentration was > 60% of the air saturation
- Conclusions:
- At the loading rate of 100 mg/L (mean measured concentration of 0.60 mg/L), 100% of mortality was reported while no mortality was observed at the dilution of 46% WSF (mean measured concentration of 0.12 mg/L). Therefore, the 96h-LC50 was calculated at 0.27 mg/L, corresponding to the geometric mean between the LC0 (0.12 mg/L) and the LC100 (0.60 mg/L).
- Executive summary:
In a 96-h acute toxicity study conducted according to the European recommended guidelines, carp (Cyprinus carpio) were exposed to alpha pinene at 0, 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 % of a WSF prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/L under semi-static conditions.
Because alpha-pinene was sensitive to light and volatile, all handlings were performed under yellow or dimmed light using air-tight closed test systems.
Analysis of the samples taken at the start of the test showed group mean measured concentrations of 0.03, 0.06, 0.13, 0.27 and 0.52 mg/l in the solutions containing 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100% WSF, respectively. After 24 hours of exposure the test substance concentrations measured decreased to 13 - 30% of initial (group average). The group mean measured concentrations in the fresh samples taken at t=72h were 0.02, 0.04, 0.10, and 0.18 mg/l at 4.6, 10, 22 and 46% of WSF, respectively. The measured concentrations decreased to 25 – 47% of the initially measured in fresh solution (group mean). The mean measured concentration taken from the 100% WSF directly after all fish died in this group (i.e. 6 hours after renewal of test solutions) was 0.91 mg/l.
The average exposure concentrations were determined to be 0.015, 0.031, 0.047, 0.12 and 0.60 mg/L, corresponding to 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100% of a WSF prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/L
At the loading rate of 100 mg/L (mean measured concentration of 0.60 mg/L), 100% of mortality was reported while no mortality was observed at the dilution of 46% WSF (mean measured concentration of 0.12 mg/L). Therefore, the 96h-LC50 was calculated at 0.27 mg/L, corresponding to the geometric mean between the LC0 (0.12 mg/L) and the LC100 (0.60 mg/L).
Results Synopsis
Test organism : carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Test Type): static renewal
LC50: 0.27 mg/L (geometric mean between LC0 (0% mortality at 0.12 mg/L) and LC100 (100% mortality at 0.60 mg/L))
Endpoint(s) Effected: mortality
Reference
Description of key information
96h-LC50 for freshwater fish for alpha-pinene is 0.27 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 0.27 mg/L
Additional information
One reliable study is available for the substance itself and is selected as key study. The toxicity of alpha-pinene to freshwater fish was studied according to OECD TG No. 203 and GLP. Fish (Cyprinus carpio) were exposed to substance at 0, 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100% of a WSF prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/L. Analysis of the samples taken at the start of the test showed group mean measured concentrations of 0.03, 0.06, 0.13, 0.27 and 0.52 mg/L in the solutions containing 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100% WSF, respectively. The 96h-LC50 was determined to be 0.27 mg/L, corresponding to the geometric mean between LC0 (0.12 mg/L) and LC100 (0.60 mg/L).
In addition to this key study, a reliable study is available on (-)-alpha pinene. Fish (Danio rerio) were exposed to substance at nominal test concentrations of 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.60 and 1.00 mg/L over a test period of 96 hours (semi-static test, daily renewal, closed conditions). Concentrations were analytically verified at the start and daily until the end of the test. The concentration of the test item was not satisfactorily maintained within ± 20% of the initial concentration throughout the test. Thus, the endpoint were based on the geometric means of the measured concentrations. The 96h-LC50 was determined to be 0.303 mg/L, the LC0 and LC100 were 0.187 mg/L and 0.578 mg/L, respectively.
Thus the 96h-LC50 of 0.27 mg/L is valid for key value for chemical safety assessment.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
