2-ethylanthraquinone

Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

from 1976-12-02 to 1977-03-38

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: National Toxicology program guideline study (Japan), performed before introduction of GLP, valid and conclusive. Annexes with figures and tables included in the original report are missing in the available report published on J-CHECK.

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 305 (Bioconcentration: Flow-through Fish Test)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: "Bioaccumulation test of a chemical substance in fish or shellfish (Bioaccumulation test)"

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

no

Radiolabelling:

no

Details on sampling:

- Sampling intervals/frequency for test organisms:
BCF: 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks (BCF), 2 fish per time point and concentration
Depuration rate: day 3 and 7 after completion of 8 week intake period, 2 fish per time point and concentration
- Sampling intervals/frequency for test medium samples: not reported, but at least after 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: not reported
- Details on sampling and analysis of test organisms and test media samples (e.g. sample preparation, analytical methods):
Test water: Sample test water was mixed with sodium chloride and chloroform. Extraction was run for 10 minutes. The water layer and the chloroform layer were separated and the cloroform layer was dehydrated (anhydrous sodiumsulfate) and concentrated using a rotatory evaporator. Methylalcohol was added and the volume was adjusted to 3 mL. The samples were analysed by HPLC.
The HPLC conditions were as follows:
High pressure pump: Miltonroy SF-0396-57 (with damper)
Detector: JASCO Corporation UVIDEC-100
Packing material: Hitachi gel 3011
Column: stinless, 2.7 mm x 50 cm
Eluent: 20% n-hexane methylalcohol solution
Waive length: 257 nm

Vehicle:

yes

Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: 50g of Hydrogenated caster oil was dissolved in 900 mL of ion-exchange water using a stirrer. Then, 50 mL of 10^4 ppm test substance solution in N, N-dimethyl formamide was dropped to adjust the volume to 1L to make 500 ppm(w/v) stock solution.
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): Dispersion agents: N, N-dimethyl formamide, Hydrogenated castor oil
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution(s) at different concentrations and in control(s)):
0.135 mg/L: 12.8 mg/L N, N-dimethyl formamide, 13.5 Hydrogenated castor oil
0.0135 mg/L: 1.28 mg/L N, N-dimethyl formamide, 1.35 Hydrogenated castor oil
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): not reported

Test organisms (species):

other: Cyprinus carpio

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: carp
- Strain: not reported
- Source: not reported
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): not reported
- Length at study initiation (lenght definition, mean, range and SD): 11 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 33 g
- Weight at termination (mean and range, SD): not reported
- Method of breeding: not reported
- Health status: not reported
- Description of housing/holding area: Glass aquarium, Volume 100 L, Flow rate 579 L/day
- Feeding during test
- Food type: not reported
- Amount: not reported
- Frequency: not reported

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 14 d after antisepsis with 10ppm tetracycline hydrochloride for 24 hours with static condition for two times
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): 25℃
- Type and amount of food: not reported
- Feeding frequency: not reported
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): not reported

Route of exposure:

aqueous

Test type:

flow-through

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Total exposure / uptake duration:

1 - 8 wk

Total depuration duration:

0 - 7 d

Test temperature:

25 ± 2 ℃

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass aquarium
- Type (delete if not applicable): not reported
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 L
- Aeration: not reported
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): not reported
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): 579 L/day
- No. of organisms per vessel: not reported
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): not reported
- No. of vessels per control / vehicle control (replicates): not reported
- Biomass loading rate: not reported

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: not reported

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: not reported
- Photoperiod: not reported
- Light intensity: not reported

RANGE-FINDING / PRELIMINARY STUDY
- Test concentrations: not reported
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: 48h TLm value 13.5ppm

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal
1st conc: 0.135 mg/L
2nd conc: 0.0135 mg/L

Measured mean concentration used for calculation of bioaccumulation factor:
1st conc, mean conc week 1: 0.0552 mg/L
1st conc, mean conc week 2: 0.0666 mg/L
1st conc, mean conc week 4: 0.0720 mg/L
1st conc, mean conc week 6: 0.0735 mg/L
1st conc, mean conc week 8: 0.0770 mg/L

1st conc, mean conc week 1: 0.00470 mg/L
1st conc, mean conc week 2: 0.00543 mg/L
1st conc, mean conc week 4: 0.00561 mg/L
1st conc, mean conc week 6: 0.00553 mg/L
1st conc, mean conc week 8: 0.00558 mg/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Details on estimation of bioconcentration:

BASIS INFORMATION
- Measured/calculated logPow: not reported
- Results from toxicokinetic study: not reported
- Results from residue study: not reported
- Monitoring data: not reported

BASIS FOR CALCULATION OF BCF
- Estimation software: not reported
- Result based on measured log Pow of: not reported
- Result based on calculated log Pow of: not reported

Remarks on result:

other: not reported

Type:

BCF

Value:

780 - 1 240 dimensionless

Remarks on result:

other: Conc.in environment / dose:0.135 ppm

Type:

BCF

Value:

560 - 1 350 dimensionless

Remarks on result:

other: Conc.in environment / dose:0.0135 ppm

Details on kinetic parameters:

- BCF: constant after 1 week at both test concentrations.
- Depuration:
1st conc: after 3 days and 7 days of depuration, 18.6 % and 3.6 % of mean concentration in fish body after 8 week intake phase was found, respectively.
2nd conc: after 3 days and 7 days of depuration, 12.9 % and 4.0 % of mean concentration in fish body after 8 week intake phase was found, respectively.

Details on results:

- Mortality of test organisms: not reported
- Behavioural abnormalities: not reported
- Observations on body length and weight: not reported
- Other biological observations: not reported
- Organ specific bioaccumulation: not reported
- Bound residues forming a plateau: not reported
- Mortality and/or behavioural abnormalities of control: not applicable
- Loss of test substance during test period: no (flow through)
- Results with vehicle control: not applicable

Confirmation of test substance

Confirmation of test substance in fish body was conducted on 6w fish body from 1st concentration(bioaccumulation factor 1106) using GC-MS. The results confirmed that the test substance was concentrated in fish body.

Bioaccumulation factor

Test concentration [mg/L]	1 week	2 weeks	4 weeks	6 weeks	8 weeks
0.135	1240 980	790 780	900 780	1230 1110	930 1020
0.0135	1350 1020	610 560	900 580	820 600	600 560

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Bioconcentration factors in the range of 780 - 1240 (test concentration 0.135 mg/L) and 560 - 1350 (test concentration 0.0135 mg/L) were observed.

Executive summary:

The bioaccumulation potential of the test substance 2-ethylanthraquinone was determined as part of the Japanese National Toxicology program before the introduction of GLP. The guideline followed was similar to OECD TG 305.

Carps were exposed to test concentrations of 0.135 mg/L and 0.0135 mg/L. Two fish per concentration were sampled after 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. The fish were prepared for analysis and the test substance concentration in the fishes was analysed by HPLC. After completion of the 8 weeks intake period, a depuration test was conducted using standard water. The test substance concentration in the fishes were analysed after 3 and 7 days in standard water, respectively.

The BCF values observed after 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of exposure lay in the range of 780 to 1240 for fishes exposed to a test concentration of 0.135 mg/L. For fished exposed to 0.0135 mg/L, the BCF values were in the range of 560 to 1350. No uptake kinetic could be defined because the test substance concentrations in the fished were more or less constant after 1 week exposure. During the depuration phase, the test substance concentration in the fishes quickly decreased. After 3 days in standard water, 19.8 % and 12.9 % of the test substance concentration observed in the fish directly after the 8-week uptake period were found in the fishes exposed to 0.135 and 0.0135 mg/L, respectively. After 7 days, 3.6 % and 4 % of the initial value of the depuration phase were found.

Description of key information

Bioconcentration factors in the range of  780 - 1240 (test concentration 0.135 mg/L) and 560 - 1350 (test concentration 0.0135 mg/L) were observed.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

BCF (aquatic species):

1 350 dimensionless

Additional information

The bioaccumulation potential of the test substance 2-ethylanthraquinone was determined as part of the Japanese National Toxicology program before the introduction of GLP. The guideline followed was similar to OECD TG 305. The study report is available at J-CHECK. J-CHECK is a Japanese database developed to provide information regarding the "Act on the Evaluation of Chemical Substances and Regulation of Their Manufacture, etc.". As some tables and figures included in the original report are not provided in the version available at J-CHECK and because the study was not performed under GLP, the study is regarded as reliable with restrictions.

The BCF values observed after 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of exposure lay in the range of 780 to 1240 for fishes exposed to a test concentration of 0.135 mg/L. For fishes exposed to 0.0135 mg/L, the BCF values were in the range of 560 to 1350. No uptake kinetic could be defined because the test substance concentrations in the fishes were more or less constant after 1 week exposure. During the depuration phase, the test substance concentration in the fishes quickly decreased. After 3 days in standard water, 19.8 % and 12.9 % of the test substance concentration observed in the fish directly after the 8-week uptake period were found in the fishes exposed to 0.135 and 0.0135 mg/L, respectively. After 7 days, 3.6 % and 4 % of the initial value of the depuration phase were found.