Hydrogen sulphide

Genetic toxicity: in vivo

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / erythrocyte micronucleus

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

The study is reliable with restrictions. Deficiencies are low animal number per dose group, purity of the test substance not stated, no PCE/NCE ratio given, and no toxic effects reported. However, due to the well reported test, the test institution with established reputation, and the publication in a peer-reviewed high quality journal the data is rated as reliable. In an aqueous environment H2S and its salts NaHS and Na2S dissolve easily and are immediately hydrolyzed and an pH-dependent equilibrium is established between S2-, HS- and H2S. Therefore Na2S can be used to evaluate the mutagenic potential of H2S.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Mutagenicity of cosmetics ingredients licensed by the European Communities

Author:

Gocke E, King MT, Eckhardt K and Wild D

Year:

1991

Bibliographic source:

Mutat. Res., 90, 91-109

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 474 (Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

low animal number per dose group, purity of the test substance not stated, no PCE/NCE ratio given, and no toxic effects reported

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Schmid, W.: The micronucleus test for cytogenic analysis, in: A. Hollaender (Ed.), Chemical Mutagens, Vol. 4, 1976, 31-53.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of assay:

micronucleus assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Disodium sulphide

EC Number:

215-211-5

EC Name:

Disodium sulphide

Cas Number:

1313-82-2

Molecular formula:

Na2S

IUPAC Name:

disodium sulfide

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

sodium sulphide

IUPAC Name:

sodium sulphide

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Sodium sulfide
- Substance type: technical product
- Physical state: solid
- Test substance supplier: Merck Co., Darmstadt
No further details are given.

Test animals

Species:

mouse

Strain:

NMRI

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Mice were obtained from S. Ivanovas GmbH and Co., KIsslegg/Allgäu (Germany).
- Diet: ad libitum, standard chow
- Water: ad libitum
No further details are given.

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

intraperitoneal

Vehicle:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: 0.375M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Animals treated at 0 and 24 h

Post exposure period:

bone-marrow smears prepared at 30 h

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
96.1, 48.0 and 24.0 mg/kg
Basis:

No. of animals per sex per dose:

4 mice (2 male and 2 female animals) were used for each dose.

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Positive control(s):

Pyrogallol, i.p.

Examinations

Tissues and cell types examined:

After 30 hours bone marrow smears were prepared.

Details of tissue and slide preparation:

Slides were coded and 1000 polychromatic erythrocytes were scored per mouse.

Statistics:

Significance was calculated according to the Kastenbaum-Bowman tables.

Results and discussion

Test results

Sex:

male/female

Genotoxicity:

negative

Toxicity:

yes

Remarks:

One animal died in the 24 mg/kg dose-group

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Negative controls validity:

not examined

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

-Positive control increased MN PCE ratio significantly and dose-dependent (low dose 3,8%, mid dose 14.7%, high dose 25.4%)
-No further toxic effects reported
-No PCE/NCE ratio given

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information): negative
A micronucleus test was performed with sodium sulphide in female and male NMRI mice. Compared to the negative Control group, the test with sodium sulfide yielded no increased numbers of polychromatic erythrocytes at all three doses. It was thus concluded that sodium sulfide was inactive in the micronucleus test.

Executive summary:

A micronucleus test was performed with sodium sulphide in two female and two male NMRI mice at three doses of 96.1, 48.0 and 24.0 mg/kg administered twice (0 and 24h) in 0.375M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2 according to the procedure given by Schmid (1976, in: A. Hollaender (Ed.), Chemical Mutagens Vol. 4, Plenum, New York). One animal died in the 24 mg/kg dose-group. Compared to the negative Control group, the test with sodium sulfide yielded no increased numbers of polychromatic erythrocytes at all three doses. It was thus concluded that sodium sulfide was inactive in the micronucleus test.