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Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to terrestrial plants

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Link to relevant study record(s)

Description of key information

Several studies investigating the toxicity of Ni to soil microorganisms were identified as key studies, and used for derivation of the HC5 and terrestrial PNEC. The lowest NOEC was 11 mg Ni/kg dw.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for terrestrial plants:
11 mg/kg soil dw

Additional information

From the database of chronic nickel toxicity to higher plants, there are many individual high quality NOEC/L(E) C10 values from different species. When expressed as total soil Ni, these range from 11 mg/kg for Lycopersicon esculentum (Rotahmsted Research, 2005) to 1303.2 mg Ni/kg for  Zea mays (Nie et al, 2015). Below are the accepted high quality studies for terrestrial plants used for derivation of the HC5 and terrestrial PNEC.


 






























































































Key Study


(Terrestrial plants)



Selected values for the most sensitive endpoints used for derivation of the terrestrial HC5



Species



Added NOEC or EC10 (mg/kg dw)



Total NOEC or EC10 (mg/kg dw)



Rothamsted Research, 2005



Hordeum vulgare



31-1101



32-1127



Lycopersicon esculentum



10-599



11-625



Willaert & Verloo, 1988



Spinach



10-100



13-120



Halstead et al., 1969



Avena sativa



43-453



57-467



Medicago sativa



34-383



48-397



Liang & Schoenau, 1995



Avena sativa



80



88



Raphanus sativus



80



88



Lactuca sativa



40



67



Dang et al., 1990



Allium cepa



46



60



Trigonella poenumgraceum



84



98



Frossard et al., 1989



Lolium perenne



110



129



Gupta et al., 1987



Lactuca sativa



18-422



34-443



De Haan et al., 1985



Avena sativa



16-66



18-93



Metwally & Rabie, 1989



Zea mays



19-119



59-173



 


 


The acute EC50 (4 d) values range from ≥54.5 mg/kg soil d.w. to ≤1928.2 mg/kg for root elongation forHordeum vulgare. 


 


There is some activity derived also from the presence of fluroide. However, the report issued by the Commission (SCHER 2010, Critical review of any new evidence on the hazard profile, health effects, and human exposure to fluoride and the fluoridating agents of drinking water) about the addition of fluoride in drinking water clearly states that "Exposure of environmental organisms to levels of fluoride as used in fluoridation of drinking waters are not expected to lead to unacceptable risks to the environment."


 


CONCLUSION: NOEC 11mg/Kg Ni2+ (= 18.1 mg/Kg NiF2)