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REACH

Nickel difluoride

EC number: 233-071-3 | CAS number: 10028-18-9

Life Cycle description
Uses advised against

Ecotoxicological information

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

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Administrative data

Link to relevant study record(s)

Description of key information

Many high quality studies are available in the database of chronic toxicity to aquatic invertebrates. A lumped data set for nickel-based compounds was considered for enpoint coverage. The lowest EC10 was 1.4 µg Ni/L for freshwater invertebrates and 22.9 µg Ni/L for marine invertebrates.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Dose descriptor:: EC10
Effect concentration:: 1.4 µg/L

Marine water invertebrates

Dose descriptor:: EC10
Effect concentration:: 22.9 µg/L

Additional information

Freshwater Nickel:

From the database of chronic nickel toxicity to freshwater invertebrates, many individual EC₁₀or NOEC values for different individual species were selected. Chronic data on invertebrates belonging to different taxonomic groups being cladoceran (79% of the data points), amphipods (0.9% of the data), insects (7% of the data), hydrozoans (0.9% of the data), rotifers (5% of the data) and a mollusc (7% of the data). The NOEC/L(E) C10 varied between 1.4 μg/L for Lymnaea stagnalis (Schlekat et al., 2010) and 1,379µg/L for Brachionus calyciflorus (Schlekat et al., 2010). It is noted that the invertebrate data are heavily dominated by data on cladocerans.

The following table indicates those NOEC or EC₁₀values of high quality that have been carried forward for the HC₅-& PNEC derivation:

Key Study (freshwater invertebrates)	Selected values for the most sensitive endpoints used for derivation of the freshwater HC₅
Key Study (freshwater invertebrates)	Species	Endpoint	Value (s) (µg/L)
Deleebeecket al., 2008	Daphnia magna	NOEC/EC₁₀	8.8-256
Kunhet al., 1989	Daphnia magna	NOEC	90
Munzinger, 1990	Daphnia magna	NOEC	40
Munzinger, 1994	Daphnia magna	NOEC	80
Keithlyet al., 2004	Ceriodaphnia dubia	NOEC	3.4-5.8
Wirtzet al., 2004	Ceriodaphnia dubia	EC₁₀	2.8-7.6
Deleebeecket al., 2009b	Ceriodaphnia dubia	EC₁₀	7.4-44.2
Nebekeret al., 1984	Clistorina magnifica	NOEC	66
Nebekeret al., 1986	Juga plicifera	NOEC	124
Santiago-Fandino, 1983	Hydra littoralis	NOEC	60
Keithlyet al., 2004	Hyalella azteca	NOEC	29
Deleebeecket al., 2006	Ceriodaphnia quadrangula	NOEC	2.0-12.7
	Peracantha truncata	NOEC	2.5-25.8
	Daphnia longispina	NOEC	26.6-29.0
	Alona affinis	NOEC	25.0
	Ceriodaphnia pulchella	NOEC	9.9-28.2
	Simocephalus vetulus	NOEC	9.2-28.9
Schlekat et al., 2010	Lymnaea stagnalis	EC₁₀	1.4 -19.5
	Brachionus calyciflorus	EC₁₀	498-1379
	Chironomus tentans	EC₁₀	404-782

Fresh water (Fluoride)

The lowestlevel for activity of fluoride is 4mg/L on Hyalella atzeca. This threshold is above the limit calculated for Nickel which is therefore the limiting factor

CONCLUSION EC10 1.4 µg/L Ni (= 2.3 µg/L NiF2)

Marine water (Nickel)

From the database of chronic nickel toxicity to marine invertebrates, many NOEC/EC₁₀/LOEC values are reported. EC₁₀values range from 22.5 μg Ni/L for reproduction of the polychaete,Neanthes arenaceodentata(DeForest and Schlekat, 2013), to 431 μg Ni/L for development of the bivalve,Crassostrea gigas(DeForest and Schlekat, 2013). The table below represents the NOEC, LOEC, or EC₁₀values of high quality carried forward for derivation of HC₅and aquatic marine PNEC:

Key Study (marine invertebrates)	Selected values for the most sensitive endpoints used for derivation of the marine HC₅
Key Study (marine invertebrates)	Species	Endpoint	Value (s) (µg/L)
DeForest and Schlekat, 2013	Strongylocentrotus purpuratus	EC₁₀	335
DeForest and Schlekat, 2013	Dendraster excentricus	EC₁₀	191
Huntet al., 2002	Mysidopsis intii	EC₁₀	45.2
Huntet al., 2002	Haliotis rufescens	EC₁₀	36.4
Gentileet al., 1982	Mysidopsis bahia	LOEC	141
Gentileet al., 1982	Mysidopsis bahia	NOEC	61
DeForest and Schlekat, 2013	Mytilius galloprovincialis	EC₁₀	269.7 (geomean)
DeForest and Schlekat, 2013	Neanthes arenaceodentata	EC₁₀	22.5
DeForest and Schlekat, 2013	Crassostrea gigas	EC₁₀	431
Novelliet al., 2003	Paracentrotus lividus	EC₁₀	89
Pagano, 2007	Paracentrotus lividus	EC₁₀	217

Marine water (Nickel)

The lowest level for activity of fluoride is 4.15 mg/L on Grandidierella lutosa and lignorum an estarine amphipods. This threshold is above the limit calculated for Nickel which is therefore the limiting factor.

CONCLUSION EC10 22.9 µg/L Ni (= 37.7 µg/L NiF2)

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