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EC number: 204-873-0 | CAS number: 127-95-7
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Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Study period:
- No data
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study is not performed according to a recognized test guideline and there is no information about GLP compliance. The study makes use of observations of subjects fallen to poisoning.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Plasma oxalic acid and calcium levels in oxalate poisoning
- Author:
- Zarembski, P.B., Hodgekinson, A.
- Year:
- 1 967
- Bibliographic source:
- Journal of Clinical Pathology, Vol 20, nr 3, pp 283 - 285
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- poisoning incident
- Endpoint addressed:
- not applicable
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Potassium hydrogen oxalate
- EC Number:
- 204-873-0
- EC Name:
- Potassium hydrogen oxalate
- Cas Number:
- 127-95-7
- Molecular formula:
- C2H2O4.K
- IUPAC Name:
- potassium hydrogen oxalate
- Reference substance name:
- Ethane-1,2-diol
- EC Number:
- 203-473-3
- EC Name:
- Ethane-1,2-diol
- Cas Number:
- 107-21-1
- IUPAC Name:
- ethylene glycol
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): potassium hydrogen oxalate; ethylene glycol
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Method
- Subjects:
- - Number of subjects exposed: 5
- Sex: 4 female, 1 male
- Age:
MRF (F) 43
EAL (F) 63
MB (F) 20
PEB (F) 49
JG (M) 57
- Race: no data
- Demographic information: no data
- Known diseases: no data
- Other: no data - Route of exposure:
- oral
- Reason of exposure:
- other: intentional suicide
- Exposure assessment:
- estimated
Results and discussion
- Clinical signs:
- Elevation of the plasma oxalic acid level results in an increase in the calcium x oxalate ion product. Since calcium oxalate is only sparingly soluble in aqueous solutions at physiological pH it would be expected to precipitate in the tissues. Such a process might account for the greatly reduced plasma total calcium levels which were observed (Table II). However, no crystals were seen in sections of intestine, liver, or brain from the present patients.
Any other information on results incl. tables
PLASMA AND TISSUE OXALIC ACID LEVELS | |||||||
Oxalic Acid (1) | |||||||
Patient | Sex | Age | Blood | Stomach Contents | Intestine | Liver | Brain |
M.R.F. | F | 43 | 2 | 40 | |||
E.A.L. | F | 63 | 7,72 | 167 | - | ||
M.B. | F | 20 | 10,95 | 225 | 72 | 382 | 2,14 |
P.E.B. | F | 49 | 0,37 | - | - | - | - |
J.G. | M | 57 | 24,5 | - | |||
Controls | 0.06-0.30 | 0-5 | 0,5 | 0,3 | 0,1 | ||
Normal range | 0.10-0.28 | 0-5 | 0,5 | 0,3 | 0,1 | ||
(1) Expressed as mg. anhydrous oxalic acid per 100 ml. or per 100 g. wet tissue. |
Table 2 | PLASMA CALCIUM LEVELS | |
Plasma Calcium (mg. %) | ||
Patient | Total | Ultrafilterable |
E.A.L. | 4,1 | - |
M.B. | 3,7 | 1,9 |
P.E.B. | 9,8 | - |
Controls | 10.6-15.0 | 6.4-12.9 |
Normal range | 9.3-10.7 | 5,7- 6,8 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- It is of interest that the level of total calcium in the `control' post-mortem plasma samples was higher than normal (Table II). This effect might be due to withdrawal of calcium from the skeleton. Alternatively, it might be due to an efflux of intracellular calcium into the extracellular fluids.
- Executive summary:
Observations are reported on five cases of suicide or attempted suicide by poisoning with oxalic acid or ethylene glycol. Elevated oxalic acid levels were observed in the plasma, stomach contents, and a number of tissues. Raised oxalic acid levels in plasma were associated with reduced total and ultrafilterable calcium levels. It is suggested that the reduction in plasma total calcium level is due mainly to the deposition of calcium oxalate in the soft tissues, but inhibition of the parathyroid glands may be a contributory factor. Microscopic examination of various tissues indicated that oxalic acid is deposited in the tissues in two forms: (1) crystalline calcium oxalate dihydrate in the kidney and (2) a non-crystalline complex of calcium oxalate and lipid in liver and other tissues.
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