Undecan-4-olide

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

- Acute toxicity: oral: LD50 > 2000 mg/kg bw (WoE)

- Acute toxicity: dermal: Combined LD50 > 2000 mg/kg bw (OECD 402, GLP, K, rel.1)

- Acute toxicity: inhalation: waiving

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Acute toxicity: via oral route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: oral

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

1964

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Documentation insufficient for assessment. Substance purity is not mentioned.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

no details on test animals and environmental conditions; no details on results

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not applicable

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

Osborne-Mendel

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: no data
- Age at study initiation: young adult
- Weight at study initiation: no data
- Fasting period before study: approximately 18 hours
- Housing: divided by sex
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum, except during administration of test material
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: no data

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
No data

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on oral exposure:

No data

Doses:

No data

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days

Statistics:

Method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon (1949)

Preliminary study:

Not applicable

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

18 500 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

95% CL:

16 930 - 20 260

Mortality:

Mortality was observed from 4 h to 5 days after administration of test material.

Clinical signs:

other: Mortality was observed from 4 h to 5 days after administration of test material.

Gross pathology:

No data

Other findings:

None

None

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

The oral LD50 for Aldehyde C-14 (γ-undecalactone) is higher than 5000 mg/kg bw in rats. Therefore it is not classified according to the Annex I of the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) and to the GHS.

Executive summary:

In an acute oral toxicity study, groups (5/sex) of Osborne-Mendel rats were given a single oral dose of Aldehyde C-14 (γ-Undecalactone) by oral intubation. Animals were then observed for mortality and clinical signs for 2 weeks. LD50 was calculated using the method of Litchfield & Wilcoxon (1949).

Mortality was observed from 4 h to 5 days after administration of test material. Depression occurred within 10 minutes and wet fur was noticed.

Oral LD50 Combined = 18500 mg/kg bw (16930-20260).

Under the test conditions, the oral LD50 for γ-Undecalactone is higher than 5000 mg/kg bw in rats and therefore it is not classified according to the Annex I of the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) and to the GHS.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: oral

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

1972

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Remarks:

Study conducted similarly to OECD Guideline 401 with minor deviations: certificate of analysis not included, few details on test animals and environmental conditions, no data on number of animals showing signs of toxicity and pathological findings. γ-nonalactone, as a linear saturated 4-hydroxycarboxylic acid derived-lactones, is considered adequate for read-across purpose (see §"Toxicokinetics").

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

no data on age and source of animals; no data on housing and environmental conditions, number of animals showing signs of toxicity and pathological findings

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not applicable

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

pre-GLP

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 200-250 g
- Fasting period before study (minimum): 16 h
- Food and water: ad libitum

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on oral exposure:

No data

Doses:

4000, 5000, 6250, 7800 and 9700 mg/kg bw

No. of animals per sex per dose:

10 males/dose

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Observations for mortality were made at 1 and 6 h after dosing and daily thereafter for 14 days.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: Yes

Statistics:

None

Preliminary study:

None

Sex:

male

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

6 600 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

95% CL:

5 800 - 7 400

Mortality:

- Deaths occurred overnight to two days following administration of the test material.
- Mortalities in rats were 0, 30, 40, 80 and 100 % at 4000, 5000, 6250, 7800 and 9700 mg/kg bw, respectively.

Clinical signs:

other: Piloerection and lethargy

Gross pathology:

No data

Other findings:

None

None

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

The oral LD50 for γ-Nonalactone is higher than 5000 mg/kg bw in male rats therefore it is not classified according to the Annex I of the Regulation (EC) N° 1272-2008 (CLP) and to the GHS.

Executive summary:

In an acute oral toxicity study performed similarly to OECD test Guideline No. 401, groups of Wistar rats (10 males/dose) were given a single oral dose of γ-Nonalactone at 4000, 5000, 6250, 7800 or 9700 mg/kg bw. Animals were then observed for mortality at 1 and 6 h after dosing and daily thereafter for 14 days. Gross necropsies were performed on all survivors.

Mortalities in rats were 0, 30, 40, 80 and 100 % at 4000, 5000, 6250, 7800 and 9700 mg/kg bw, respectively. Clinical signs noted were piloerection and lethargy.

Oral LD50 Males = 6600 mg/kg bw (5800-7400).

Under the test conditions, the oral LD50 for γ-Nonalactone is higher than 5000 mg/kg bw in male rats therefore it is not classified according to the Annex I of the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) and to the GHS.

This study is considered as acceptable and satisfies the requirement for acute oral toxicity endpoint.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: oral

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

From 2002-07-02 to 2002-09-24

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Remarks:

Test was conducted in accordance with Japanese guideline for medicine (yakushin yaku No.88, 1993-08-10) which is similar to OECD test guideline No. 420 but without GLP compliance. γ-caprolactone, as a linear saturated 4-hydroxycarboxylic acid derived-lactones, is considered adequate for read-across purpose (see §"Toxicokinetics").

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Japanese guideline for medicine (yakushin yaku No.88, 1993-08-10)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 420 (Acute Oral Toxicity - Fixed Dose Method)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

housing of animals not reported

Principles of method if other than guideline:

not applicable

GLP compliance:

no

Test type:

fixed dose procedure

Limit test:

yes

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles Liver Japan
- Age at study initiation: purchased at age of week 4
- Weight at study initiation: male: 87-96g, female: 70-82g when reveived
- Fasting period before study: 17-18 hr
- Housing: no data
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 1 week

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 23+/-3
- Humidity (%): 50+/-20
- Air changes (per hr): 10-15/hr
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hr/12 hr

IN-LIFE DATES: From: 2002-07-03 To: 2002-07-24

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

water

Details on oral exposure:

VEHICLE
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 20 mL/kg
- Justification for choice of vehicle: test substance is dissolved in water at 10% and stable in water
- Lot/batch no. (if required): 1XA1 (Japanese pharmacopoeia)

MAXIMUM DOSE VOLUME APPLIED: 20 mL/kg

CLASS METHOD (if applicable)
- Rationale for the selection of the starting dose: administered at 2000 mg/kg due to low toxicity expected

Doses:

2000 mg/kg bw

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5 animals per sex per dose

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: clinical signs, mortality, behavior: after administration to 1, 2, and 4 hourr, 1 to 14 day (every day); bodyweight: day 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: After opening the thoracic and abdominal cavities, a macroscopic examination of the main organs was performed:

Statistics:

not performed

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 2 000 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Mortality:

No deaths occurred at the dose levels of 2000 mg/kg bw during the observation period.

Clinical signs:

other: No clinical signs were observed in the animals treated at the dose level of 2000 mg/kg bw.

Gross pathology:

No macroscopic lesions were observed at 2000 mg/kg bw.

Other findings:

None

None

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

Under the test conditions, Oral LD50(Combined) > 2000 mg/kg bw.

Executive summary:

In a limit acute oral toxicity study performed according to Japanese guideline for medicines (which is similar to the OECD test guideline No. 420) but not in compliance with GLP, 5 Sprague-Dawley rats/sex were administered a single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg bw of the γ-caprolactone (97.4 % pure). The animals were observed for mortality, clinical signs and body weight for 14 days and then necropsied for macroscopic observations.

No animal died. No clinical signs or effects on body weight were observed at 2000 mg/kg bw. Gross pathological examinations at 14 days (terminal necropsy) revealed no test substance-related findings.

Oral LD₅₀Combined > 2000 mg/kg bw

 

Under the test conditions, γ-caprolactone is not classified according to the annex I of the Regulation EC No. 1272/2008 (CLP) and to the GHS.

This study is considered as acceptable and satisfies the requirement for acute oral toxicity endpoint.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Value:

2 000 mg/kg bw

Quality of whole database:

The available information as a whole meets the tonnage driven data requirement of REACH. Moreover, reliability and consistency are observed across the different studies.

Acute toxicity: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Acute toxicity: via dermal route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: dermal

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

22 July - 05 August 1999

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Remarks:

GLP study conducted according to OECD Guideline 402 with minor deviations: no certificate of analysis of the test substance

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

no certificate of analysis of the test substance

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not applicable

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

yes

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River (UK) Ltd, Kent, UK
- Age at study initiation: 8-12 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: Males: 222-233 g; females: 211-226 g
- Housing: Animals were housed in suspended polypropylene cages furnished with woodflakes. Animals were housed individually during the 24 h exposure period and in groups of 5/sex for the remainder of the study.
- Diet: Rat and Mouse Expanded Diet No. 1 (Special Diets Services Limited, Essex, UK), ad libitum
- Water: Mains drinking water, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 5 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature: 19-25 °C
- Humidity: 30-70 %
- Air changes: Approximately 15/h
- Photoperiod: 12 h darkness / 12 h continuous light

Type of coverage:

semiocclusive

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on dermal exposure:

TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: Test material was applied on the shorn skin of back and flank region.
- % coverage: Approximately 10 % of the total body surface area
- Type of wrap if used: A piece of surgical gauze was placed over the treatment area and semi-occluded with a piece of self-adhesive bandage.

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing: After 24 h contact period, the bandage was carefully removed and the treated skin and surrounding hair wiped with cotton wool moistened with distilled water to remove any residual test material.

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 2.14 mL/kg bw
- Constant volume or concentration used: Yes

Duration of exposure:

24 h

Doses:

2000 mg/kg bw

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations: Animals were observed for deaths or overt signs of toxicity at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h after dosing and subsequently once daily for 14 days.
- Frequency of weighing: Individual body weights were recorded prior to application of the test material on Day 0 and on Days 7 and 14.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: Yes, all the animals were killed by cervical dislocation at the termination of study and subjected to gross pathological examination.
- Other examinations performed: After removal of the dressings and subsequently once daily for 14 days, the test sites were examined for evidence of primary irritation and scored according to the method of Draize (1977).

Statistics:

None

Preliminary study:

None

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 2 000 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Mortality:

No mortality was observed.

Clinical signs:

other: No signs of systemic toxicity or skin irritation were noted.

Gross pathology:

No abnormalities were noted at necropsy.

Other findings:

None

None

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

The acute dermal LD50 of γ-Undecalactone, is higher than 2000 mg/kg bw in rats therefore it is not classified according to the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) and to the GHS.

Executive summary:

In an acute dermal toxicity study (limit test) performed according to OECD Guideline 402 and in compliance with GLP, a groups of 10 rats (5/sex) of Sprague-Dawley CD (Crl:CD (SD) IGS BR) strain was administered a single dermal dose of γ-Undecalactone, at 2000 mg/kg bw on clipped skin using a semi-occlusive patch for 24 h. Animals were then observed for mortality, clinical signs, bodyweights and dermal reactions for 14 days and were all macroscopically necropsied after sacrifice.

No deaths occurred throughout the study. No signs of systemic toxicity or skin irritation were noted. Animals showed an expected gain in body weight during the study. No abnormalities were noted at necropsy. In this study, the acute dermal LD50 of γ-Undecalactone, was considered to be higher than 2000 mg/kg bw in rats.

Under the test conditions, the combined acute dermal LD50 of γ-Undecalactone, is higher than 2000 mg/kg bw in rats therefore it is not classified according to the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) and to the GHS.

This study is considered as acceptable and satisfies the requirement for acute dermal toxicity endpoint.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Value:

2 000 mg/kg bw

Quality of whole database:

The key study is GLP compliant and of high quality (Klimisch score = 1)

Additional information

Acute toxicity: oral

Due to the poor description of the only study conducted on γ-Undecalactone, a weight of evidence approach was used to evaluate its acute oral toxicity. This approach is based on the similarity between linear saturated 4-hydroxycarboxylic acid derived-lactones (see §"Toxicokinetics" for read-across justification).

In the γ-Undecalactone study (Jenner, 1964, rel.4), performed similarly to the OECD test guideline No. 401, the combined oral LD₅₀was estimated to be 18500 mg/kg bw using the Litchfield and Wilcoxon method. However, the protocol and results were poorly reported in the publication and the substance purity was not mentioned. Therefore, the result was not considered sufficiently robust and read-across data were required to conclude on acute oral toxicity.

The combined LD₅₀ of γ-Caprolactone was higher than 2000 mg/kg bw in a limit test performed similarly to the OECD test guideline No. 420 (Sunaga, 2002, rel. 2). In the same way, the male LD₅₀ of γ-Nonalactone was calculated to be 6600 mg/kg bw in an OECD 401 study (Moreno, 1972, rel.2).

Based on all available data, the acute oral LD₅₀ value was considered to be higher than 2000 mg/kg bw and to be a worst-case for the hazard assessment purpose.

Acute toxicity: dermal

A key study was identified (Sanders, 1999, rel.1). In this acute dermal toxicity study (limit test) performed according to OECD Guideline 402 and in compliance with GLP, rats were administered a single dermal dose of γ-Undecalactone, at 2000 mg/kg bw, applied on clipped skin using a semi-occlusive patch for 24 h. No deaths occurred throughout the study. No signs of systemic toxicity or skin irritation were noted. Animals showed an expected gain in body weight during the study. No abnormalities were noted at necropsy.

The combined acute dermal LD₅₀ of γ-Undecalactone, was considered to be higher than 2000 mg/kg bw in rats.

Acute toxicity: inhalation

No data was available. However, in accordance with column 2 of REACH Annex VIII (§8.5), the acute toxicity by inhalation does not need to be conducted since the acute toxicity study is already provided for both the oral and the dermal route. Moreover, γ-Undecalactone has a low vapor pressure (0.27 Pa at 25 °C) and therefore the potential for the generation of an inhalable form is low.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Harmonized classification:

γ-Undecalactone has no harmonized classification according to the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.

Self-classification:

Acute toxicity (Oral):

Based on the available information, the substance is:

- not classified according to the Annex I of the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) as the oral LD50 is higher than 2000 mg/kg bw

- not classified according to the GHS since there is no reliable evidence that indicates the LD50 to be in the range of Category 5 values (GHS criteria not met).

Acute toxicity (Dermal):

Based on the available information, the substance is:

- not classified according to the Annex I of the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) as the dermal LD50 is higher than 2000 mg/kg bw

- not classified according to the GHS since there is no reliable evidence that indicates the LD50 to be in the range of Category 5 values (GHS criteria not met)

Acute toxicity (Inhalation):

No data were available by inhalation.

Specific target organ toxicity: single exposure (Oral):

The classification criteria according to the Annex I of the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 as specific target organ toxicant (STOT) – single exposure, oral are not met since no reversible or irreversible adverse health effects were observed immediately or delayed after exposure and no effects were observed at the guidance value, oral for a Category 1 classification (C≤ 300 mg/kg bw) and at the guidance value, oral for a Category 2 classification (2000 mg/kg bw ≥C > 300 mg/kg bw). No classification is required.

The criteria for Transient Organ effects (STOT-SE Category 3) according to Annex I of the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 are not met since narcotic effects were not observed in the acute oral toxicity studies.

Specific target organ toxicity: single exposure (Dermal):

The classification criteria according to the Annex I of the Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 as specific target organ toxicant (STOT) – single exposure, dermal are not met since no reversible or irreversible adverse health effects were observed immediately or delayed after exposure and no effects were observed at the guidance value, dermal for a Category 1 classification (C≤ 1000 mg/kg bw) and at the guidance value, dermal for a Category 2 classification (2000 mg/kg bw ≥C > 1000 mg/kg bw). No classification is required.

The criteria for Transient Organ effects (STOT-SE Category 3) according to Annex I of the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 are not met since narcotic effects were not observed in the acute dermal toxicity study.

Specific target organ toxicity: single exposure (Inhalation):

No data were available by inhalation.