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REACH

Propylidynetrimethyl trimethacrylate

EC number: 221-950-4 | CAS number: 3290-92-4

Life Cycle description
Uses advised against

Toxicological information

Endpoint summary

Administrative data

Description of key information

In oral 90-d subchronic study (2015), some systemic (lower body weight and food consumption, lower liver and kidney weight...) and local (on stomach) effects were observed at the highest dose. The NOAEL for systemic toxicity was of 300 mg/kg bw/day in rats. These effects were not observed in the oral 28-d performed in 2010.

In the 14-d dermal study, local effects were observed in rabbit in absence of systemic effects at 300 mg/kg/day.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

sub-chronic toxicity: oral

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

From 29-Apr-2014 to 16-Mar-2015

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 408 (Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)

Version / remarks:

adopted 21 September 1998

Deviations:

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.26 (Sub-Chronic Oral Toxicity Test: Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)

Version / remarks:

Directive 96/54/EC, 30 September 1996

Deviations:

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Harlan Laboratories, B.V., Kreuzelweg 53, 5961 NM Horst / Netherlands
- Age at study initiation: Ca. 7 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: Body Weight Range at Acclimatization was for Males 218 - 243 g (mean: 229 g) and for Females 124 - 156 g (mean: 141 g)
- Fasting period before study: The animals were fasted in metabolism cages for approximately 18 hours before blood sampling but allowed access to water ad libitum.
- Housing: In groups of up to five in Makrolon type-4 cages with wire mesh tops and standard softwood bedding (J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH & Co. KG, 73494 Rosenberg / Germany, imported by Provimi Kliba AG, 4303 Kaiseraugst / Switzerland) including paper enrichment (Enviro-dri from Lillico, Biotechnology, Surrey / UK).
- Diet: Pelleted standard Harlan Teklad 2914C (batch no. 20/14) rat / mouse maintenance diet (Provimi Kliba AG, 4303 Kaiseraugst / Switzerland) was available ad libitum. The feed batches were analyzed for contaminants.
- Water: Community tap-water from Itingen was available ad libitum in water bottles. Bacteriological assay, chemical and contaminant analyses of respective samples were performed
- Acclimation period: 76 days under test conditions after health examination. Only animals without any visible signs of illness were used for the study.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 ± 3
- Humidity (%): 30 - 70
- Air changes (per hr): 10 - 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12-hour fluorescent light / 12-hour dark cycle with at least eight hours music during the light period.

IN-LIFE DATES: From: 06-May-2014 (start of 7-day Acclimatization) To: 05 to 07-Aug-2014 (Necropsy)

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

corn oil

Details on oral exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
The dose formulations were prepared with the test item as delivered by the Sponsor. The vehicle was pre-warmed to a temperature of approximately 40 °C. Propylidynetrimethyl trimethacrylate was weighed into a glass beaker on a tared precision balance and the warm vehicle was added (w/v). The mixture was mixed thoroughly using a homogenizer until a clear to colloid-like yellowish solution was obtained. Having obtained a homogeneous mixture, the remaining vehicle was added until the required final volume was reached. Separate formulations
were prepared for each concentration.
Homogeneity of the test item in the vehicle was maintained during the daily administration period using a magnetic stirrer.
The dose formulations were stored for up to eight days in glass beakers at room temperature (20 ± 5 °C).

DIET PREPARATION
- Not relevant due to exposure via gavage

VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle: Considered non-toxic to the test animals and ability to form a homogeneous mixture with the test item
- Concentration in vehicle (nominal): 0, 20, 60 and 100 mg/mL (at 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day, respectively)
- Amount of vehicle (by gavage): 5 mL/kg body weight
- Lot/batch no.: 0240206485 and 194213993 (Source: Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG, Expiry Dates: 30-Apr-2016 and 31-May-2016, respectively)

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Representative samples were dispatched to the analytical laboratories internally (at room temperature) and stored frozen at -20 ± 5 °C until analysis.
The test item was used as the analytical standard.
Stock solutions of Propylidynetrimethyl trimethacrylate in acetonitrile were prepared for external calibration. For example, 34.77 mg of Propylidynetrimethyl trimethacrylate was weighed into a 50 mL volumetric flask and filled to about 75 % of final volume with acetonitrile. The mixture was sonicated for at least five minutes and brought to volume with acetonitrile to yield a solution with a concentration of 695.4 µg/mL. Aliquots of this stock calibration solution were diluted with acetonitrile to obtain calibration solutions with nominal concentrations ranging from 10.43 to 99.44 µg/mL. On each occasion calibration solutions derived from two stock solutions were used for calibration.
Each sample was transferred into an appropriate volumetric flask. The sample vial was successively rinsed with at least two portions of tetrahydrofuran and the rinsings were combined in the volumetric flask. The flask was filled to about 75 % of the target volume with tetrahydrofuran and dissolution was achieved by sonication for at least five minutes. The flask was filled to the mark with tetrahydrofuran. Sample solutions were further diluted with acetonitrile into the calibration range.
Gas Chromatographic Conditions:
- Computerized System: EZ Chrom Elite; Agilent Technologies
- Column: BGB 1701 - BGB; 30 m x 0.25 mm; 0.25 µm
- Carrier Gas: Helium
- Temperature Gradient:
Rate [°C/min]; Temp. [°C]; Time [min]
0.; 200; 0
10; 300; 5
- Running Time: 15 min
- Injector Temperature: 230 °C
- Injection Mode: Split ratio 5:1
- Flow: 1 mL/min (constant flow)
- Detector: FID; 250 °C (H2: 31; Air: 380; N2: 28 mL/min)
- Injection Volume: 2 µL
- Retention Time: Ca. 4.4 min
The linearity of the analytical system used for sample analyses was demonstrated with a good relationship between peak areas measured and calibration solution concentrations. All calibration points used met the acceptance limit of ±20 % variation from the calibration curve derived by linear regression analysis. The coefficients of determination (R²) were higher than 0.99.
The Propylidynetrimethyl trimethacrylate peak was assigned in sample chromatograms by comparison to that of calibration solutions. In blank sample chromatograms no peak appeared at the retention time of Propylidynetrimethyl trimethacrylate and, therefore, the absence of the test item in the vehicle control samples (corn oil) was confirmed.
The Propylidynetrimethyl trimethacrylate concentrations in the dose formulations ranged from 81.5 to 92.5 % with reference to the nominal and were within the accepted range of ±20 %. The homogeneous distribution of Propylidynetrimethyl trimethacrylate in the preparations was approved because single results found did not deviate more than 1.3 % from the corresponding mean and met the specified acceptance criterion of =15 %. Accordingly the effects were assigned to the nominal concentrations.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

92/93 days

Frequency of treatment:

Daily, at approximately 24 hour intervals

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day (considered groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively), corresponding nominal concentrations is vehicle were 0, 20, 60 and 200 mg/mL corn oil, respectively
Basis:
actual ingested

No. of animals per sex per dose:

10 males and 10 females

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: The dose levels were selected by the Sponsor.
- Rationale for animal assignment: Randomly allocated to groups by body weight.

Positive control:

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Observations for viability / mortality were recorded twice daily.

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule:
Daily Observations: The animals were observed for clinical signs once before commencement of administration as well as daily on days 1 - 92/93 (twice daily during days 1 - 3) during the treatment period.
Weekly Detailed Observations: The animals were observed in their home cages, outside their home cages in a standard arena and in the hand. These observations were performed once before commencement of administration and once weekly (weeks 1 to 12) thereafter (see table 1, below).

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Weekly
Body weights were recorded weekly during acclimatization, treatment and recovery periods and before necropsy, using an on-line electronic recording system consisting of a Mettler balance connected to the Harlan Laboratories computer.
- Body weight observations checked in tables 6 and 7 were included.

FOOD CONSUMPTION: Yes
The food consumption was recorded once during the acclimatization period and weekly thereafter, using an on-line electronic recording system consisting of a Mettler balance connected to the Harlan Laboratories computer.

FOOD EFFICIENCY: Yes

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: During week 13
- Dose groups that were examined: All animals of the control and high dose groups
The eyes of all animals were examined using a direct ophthalmoscope once during the acclimatization period in all animals. During week 13, animals of the control and high dose groups were evaluated once in animals of the control and high dose groups for test item-related changes.

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: Blood Sampling after 13 Weeks: 05/06-Aug-2014
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes, light isoflurane anaesthesia
- Animals fasted: Yes. The animals were fasted in metabolism cages for approximately 18 hours before blood sampling but allowed access to water ad libitum.
- How many animals: All animals
- Parameters examined: Glucose; Urea; Creatinine; Bilirubin, total; Cholesterol, total; Triglycerides; Phospholipids; Aspartate aminotransferase; Alanine aminotransferase; Lactate dehydrogenase; Alkaline phosphatase, Gamma-glutamyl-transferase; Creatine kinase; Sodium; Potassium; Chloride; Calcium; Phosphorus; Protein, total; Albumin; Globulin; Albumin/Globulin ratio; Coagulation Prothrombin time (= Thromboplastin time); Activated partial Thromboplastin time

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: Blood Sampling after 13 Weeks: 05/06-Aug-2014
- Animals fasted: Yes. The animals were fasted in metabolism cages for approximately 18 hours before blood sampling but allowed access to water ad libitum.
- How many animals: All animals
- Parameters examined: Glucose; Urea; Creatinine; Bilirubin, total; Cholesterol, total; Triglycerides; Phospholipids; Aspartate aminotransferase; Alanine aminotransferase; Lactate dehydrogenase; Alkaline phosphatase; Gamma-glutamyl-transferase; Creatine kinase; Sodium; Potassium; Chloride; Calcium; Phosphorus; Protein, total; Albumin; Globulin; Albumin/Globulin ratio

URINALYSIS: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of urine: Urine Sampling after 13 Weeks: 05/06-Aug-2014
- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: Yes
- Animals fasted: Yes. The animals were fasted in metabolism cages for approximately 18 hours before blood sampling but allowed access to water ad libitum.
- Parameters examined: Urine volume (18 hour); Specific gravity (relative density); Colour; Appearance; pH value; Nitrite; Protein; Glucose; Ketones; Urobilinogen; Bilirubin; Erythrocytes; Leukocytes

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: Yes, relevant parameters from a modified Irwin screen test were evaluated.
- Time schedule for examinations: During week 13
- Dose groups that were examined: All dose groups, all animals
- Battery of functions tested:
Grip Strength
Forelimb and hindlimb grip strength measurements were performed using a push-pull strain gauge (Mecmesin, AFG 25N). The animals were placed with the forepaws inside a triangular grasping ring and with the hind paws outside a triangular grasping ring. Using one hand, the animals were held towards the base of the tail and steadily pulled away or towards the ring until the grip was broken. Each measurement was repeated three times; the means were calculated and recorded.
Locomotor Activity
Locomotor (decreased or increased) activity was measured quantitatively with AMS Föhr Medical Instruments GmbH (FMI) and DeMeTec GmbH Activity Monitor System. Animals were monitored during the fourth treatment week for a 60-minute period and the total activity of this time period was recorded. Low beams count was reported in 10-minute intervals as well as the total activity of the measuring period.

Sacrifice and pathology:

Sacrifice:
After 13 Weeks: 05/06/07-Aug-2014
All animals were weighed and necropsied. Descriptions of all macroscopical abnormalities were recorded. All animals were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbitone and killed by exsanguination.

GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
Organ weights: The organs were weighed before fixation and recorded on the scheduled dates of necropsy. Relative organ weights were calculated on the basis of the body weight brain weight..

HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
Samples of the tissues and organs listed in table 1, below were collected from all animals at necropsy and fixed in neutral phosphate buffered 4% formaldehyde solution unless indicated otherwise.

Seminology and Spermatid Count
- Time schedule: After 13 Weeks: 06-Aug-2014 (groups 1 and 4) and 07-Aug-2014 (groups 2 and 3)
- How many animals: Sperm analysis was performed in all males.
Motility: At necropsy of males, a sperm sample from the left caudal epididymis was obtained from each male. The sample was diluted with a pre-warmed (about 37 - 40 °C) physiological medium, and shortly after being obtained, one hundred sperm cells were counted in duplicates (two sperm samples) microscopically for determination of percentage of not motile, stationary motile and progressively motile sperm.
Morphology: The sperm cells in the original physiological medium for motility determination were used for morphological assessment after Eosin staining and fixation. The slides were stored at room temperature until analysis. Five hundred (500) sperm cells per sample were evaluated microscopically and classified into the following categories:
Code Description
A Normal, complete sperm
B Normal head, abnormal tail
C Normal head only, tail detached
D Abnormal head only, tail detached
E Abnormal head, normal tail
The percentages of categories A to E were determined. In the absence of treatment-related effects in the control males and high-dose males, the males of the low- and middle-dose were not assessed.
Sperm Count
The left testis and the left cauda epididymis were taken for determination of homogenization resistant sperm cells (HRS) in testes and epididymis. The testes and cauda epididymis were frozen at -20 ± 5 °C pending evaluation. For evaluation the testes and cauda epididymis were thawed and processed separately. Testes and cauda epididymis were weighed and placed in Triton-X-100 solution and homogenized with a blender (Ultra Turrax) and an ultrasonic water bath. Sperm heads were counted microscopically using a modified Neubauer chamber. Dilution factors for each sample were documented in the raw data. These evaluations were performed in the first instance only for group 1 and 4 males. In the absence of a treatment-related effect the remaining frozen tissues were not evaluated.

Oestrus Cycle Determination
Samples to determine the stage of oestrus (oestrus, prooestrus, metoestrus, dioestrus) were recorded once daily in the females of the control and test-item treated groups during the last 21 days of the study assessed were determined.

Histotechnique: All organ and tissue samples were processed, embedded and cut at an approximate thickness of 4 micrometers and stained with haematoxylin and eosin.
Histopathology: Slides of all organs and tissues collected at scheduled sacrifices from all animals of the control and high-dose groups and all gross lesions from all animals were examined by the study pathologist. In addition, test item-related findings noted in the livers and mesenteric lymph nodes of high-dose males and females and in the pituitary glands of high-dose males trigger the evaluation of these organs in the middle- and low-dose groups. Attempts were made to correlate gross observations with microscopic findings. The stage of oestrus was evaluated, as the stage of spermatogenesis and histopathology of the interstitial cell structure. A peer review was performed by W. Henderson.
Immunohistochemistry: Slides of the kidney from all male animals of the control and high-dose groups were immunostained with an anti-alpha-2-microglobulin-antibody. The slides were examined by the principal investigator for histopathology. Slides of the kidney from all male animals of the control and high-dose groups were shipped to: Stewart Jones, Propath UK Limited, Willow Court, Netherwood Road, Hereford / United Kingdom

Other examinations:

Statistics:

The following statistical methods were used to analyse body weight, food consumption, grip strength, locomotor activity, clinical laboratory data, ophthalmoscopy, sperm analysis, organ weights and ratios as well as macroscopic findings:
• The Dunnett-test (many to one t-test) based on a pooled variance estimate was applied if the variables could be assumed to follow a normal distribution for the comparison of the treated groups and the control groups for each sex.
• The Steel-test (many-one rank test) was applied instead of the Dunnett-test when the data could not be assumed to follow a normal distribution.
• Fisher's exact-test

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no test item-related findings in the daily or weekly observations.

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Description (incidence):

There were no test item-related deaths at any dose level.

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

See tables 6 and 7, below: At 1000 mg/kg bw/day, the males had lower body weights and lower body weight gain when compared to the control males. This was considered to be test-item related. The body weight development was slightly reduced in males treated with 100 mg/kg bw/day or 300 mg/kg bw/day. The differences were generally similar in both groups during the first month of treatment; males treated with 300 mg/kg bw/day gained less weight until the end of the treatment period.
There were no test item-related differences in the mean body weights or mean body weight gain of females at any dose level.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

See table 5, below: Elevated food consumption noted in males and females treated with 1000 mg/kg bw/day were considered to be related to the treatment with the test item.

Food efficiency:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

At 1000 mg/kg bw/day reduced or unchanged body weights, but increased food consumption.

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not examined

Ophthalmological findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no test item-related ophthalmoscopic changes.

Haematological findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Although there were statistically significant differences in the haematology parameters to the control values, only isolated parameters exceeded the lower limits of the historical control data (such as relative eosinophil count in males at 1000 mg/kg bw/day). Such differences are generally recognized as being of no toxicological relevance, and unrelated to the treatment with the test item.

Clinical biochemistry findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Although there were statistically significant differences in the clinical biochemistry parameters to the control values, only isolated parameters exceeded the lower limits of the historical control data (such as cholesterol activity in males at 1000 mg/kg bw/day). Such differences are generally recognised as being of no toxicological relevance, and unrelated to the treatment with the test item.

Urinalysis findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no test item-related differences in the urinalysis parameters of males and females at all dose levels.

Behaviour (functional findings):

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

See tables 3 and 4, below, Locomotor Activity: The mean fore- and hind limb grip strength values of the test item-treated rats compared favourably with those of the respective control rats. However, test item-related reductions in the mean locomotor activity were seen in both sexes at 1000 mg/kg bw/day.

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Differences noted in the liver and kidney weights of males and females, and in the prostate weight of males treated with 1000 mg/kg bw/day were considered to be test item-related. All remaining differences in the relative organ weights of males were considered to be body weight effects.
At 300 mg/kg bw/day and 100 mg/kg bw/day, several organ-to-body weight ratios in males showed differences that were attributed to body weight effects. The absolute and relative organ weights of the females treated with 300 mg/kg bw/day or 100 mg/kg bw/day were unaffected.

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no test item-related macroscopical findings at any dose level.

Neuropathological findings:

not examined

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Microscopical findings noted at 1000 mg/kg bw/day included gastric (forestomach) epithelial hyperplasia/hyperkeratosis (indicative of contact irritancy) in males and females (with males being more affected than females), decreased secretory content in the prostate and liver centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy in females. In addition, slightly lower extramedullary haematopoiesis, possibly related to the test item, was recorded at 1000 mg/kg bw/day in males and females. Slight gastric (forestomach) epithelial hyperplasia/hyperkeratosis and erosion/ulcer(s) was also recorded in 1/10 females at 300 mg/kg bw/day.
All other findings were considered to be of spontaneous origin, unrelated to the test-item.
An overall similar (low or medium) staining level were observed in the kidneys of males at 0 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day following the immunostaining with an anti alpha 2u-globulin antibody.

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

no effects observed

Details on results:

Seminology: The sperm count and sperm morphology of rats a t 1000 mg/kg bw/day were similar to those of the controls. The evaluation of sperm motility showed that the number of motile (progressive) sperm was lower in males treated with 1000 mg/kg bw/day when compared with controls. The reduction of sperm motility in males at 1000 mg/kg bw/day was considered to be a possible test item-related change. Males treated with 100 or 300 mg/kg bw/day were unaffected.

Oestrus Cycle Determination: There were no effects upon the duration or pattern of oestrus cycles.

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

300 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: adverse effects oberved at 1000 mg/kg/d

Dose descriptor:

LOAEL

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

behaviour (functional findings)

body weight and weight gain

food consumption and compound intake

histopathology: non-neoplastic

organ weights and organ / body weight ratios

Critical effects observed:

not specified

Locomotor Activity

Slight reductions seen in the mean locomotor activity of the males treated with 1000 mg/kg bw/day were considered to be test item-related. The mean locomotor activity of the males and females treated with 100 or 300 mg/ kg bw/day, as well as females treated with 1000 mg/kg bw/day were considered to be unaffected by treatment.

Table 3: Locomotor activity of male test animals

Allocation and Dose Levels mg/kg bw/day	Group 1 Control Males 0	Group 2 Males 100	Group 3 Males 300	Group 4 Males 1000
6 minutes	280	334 (+19.3 %)	292 (+4.3 %)	218 (-22.1 %)
12 minutes	193	228 (+18.1 %)	190 (-1.6 %)	166 (-14.0 %)
18 minutes	168	176 (+4.8 %)	152 (-9.5 %)	115 (-31.5 %)
24 minutes	154	151 (-1.9 %)	117 (-24.0 %)	79 (-48.7 %)
30 minutes	163	165 (+1.2 %)	65 (-60.1 %)	76 (-53.4 %)
Total	958	1054 (+10.0 %)	816 (-14.8 %)	653 (-31.8 %)

Bold values denote statistically significant changes.

Table 4: Locomotor activity of female test animals

Allocation and Dose Levels mg/kg bw/day	Group 1 Control Females 0	Group 2 Females 100	Group 3 Females 300	Group 4 Females 1000
6 minutes	403	368 (-8.7 %)	386 (-4.2 %)	300 (-25.6 %)
12 minutes	270	267 (-1.1 %)	249 (-7.8 %)	195 (-27.8 %)
18 minutes	165	190 (+15.2 %)	173 (+4.8 %)	123 (-25.5 %)
24 minutes	147	117 (-20.4 %)	118 (-19.7 %)	101 (-31.3 %)
30 minutes	85	135 (+58.8 %)	83 (-2.4 %)	88 (+3.5 %)
Total	1070	1077 (+0.7 %)	1009 (-5.7 %)	807 (-24.6 %)

Bold values denote statistically significant changes.

Food Consumption

Elevated absolute and relative food consumption values were noted in the males and females treated with 1000 mg/kg bw/day. The differences were considered to be test item-related.

Table 5: Effects on Food consumption

Allocation and Dose Levels mg/kg bw/day	Group 1 Control 0	Group 2 100	Group 3 300	Group 4 1000
Absolute FC males Days 1 - 91	19.1 g	19.0 g	20.5 g	22.0 g
Absolute FC females Days 1 -91	12.3 g	12.7 g	12.0 g	14.7 g
Relative FC males Days 1 - 91	47.7 g/kg/day	49.1 g/kg/day	53.6 g/kg/day	62.9 g/kg/day
Relative FC females Days 1 - 91	58.6 g/kg/day	59.5 g/kg/day	61.0 g/kg/day	70.1 g/kg/day

With few exceptions, the mean daily food consumption values of females treated with 1000 mg/kg bw/day were higher than those of the controls; males at this dose level were also elevated from days 8 - 15 onwards.

The mean daily food consumption values of the males and females treated with 100 mg/kg bw/day and 300 mg/kg bw/day did not show test item-related differences when compared with their respective controls.

Body Weights

At 1000 mg/kg bw/day, the males had significantly lower body weights (p<0.01 except for day 8) and lower body weight gain (all p<0.01 from day 8) when compared to the controls males. This was considered to be test-item related.

The mean absolute body weights and mean body weight gain were slightly reduced in males treated with 100 mg/kg bw/day and 300 mg/kg bw/day. None of the differences attained statistical significance. The differences were evident beginning on day 15 of treatment and were similarly reduced in both groups until day 29 of treatment, at which time the males treated with 300 mg/kg bw/day were progressively lighter until the end of the treatment period.

Table 6: Male Body Weights (g) and Difference to Control (%)

Allocation and Dose Levels mg/kg bw/day	Group 1 Control* 0	Group 2 100	Group 3 300	Group 4 1000
Day 1	271	264 (-3 %)	267 (-1 %)	268 (-1 %)
Day 8	306	297 (-3 %)	300 (-2 %)	289 (-6 %)
Day 15	334	323 (-3 %)	325 (-3 %)	311 (-7 %)
Day 29	382	369 (-3 %)	367 (-4 %)	345 (-10 %)
Day 57	437	421 (-4 %)	413 (-5 %)	369 (-16 %)
Day 91	484	470 (-3 %)	449 (-7%)	386 (-20 %)

Bold values denote statistically significant changes.

There were no test item-related differences in the mean body weights or mean body weight gain of females at all dose levels.

Table 7: Female Body Weights (g) and Difference to Control (%)

Allocation and Dose Levels mg/kg bw/day	Group 1 Control* 0	Group 2 100	Group 3 300	Group 4 1000
Day 1	156	158 (+1 %)	158 (+1 %)	155 (-1 %)
Day 8	173	176 (+2 %)	177 (+2 %)	173 (±0 %)
Day 15	183	185 (+1 %)	185 (+1 %)	158 (+2 %)
Day 29	201	204 (+1 %)	199 (-1 %)	205 (+2 %)
Day 57	222	225 (+1 %)	217 (-2 %)	218 (-2 %)
Day 91	243	246 (+1 %)	236 (-3 %)	228 (-6 %)

Bold values denote statistically significant changes.

Conclusions:

NOAEL for 90-day subchronic oral toxicity is 300 mg/kg body weight/day.

Executive summary:

The subchronic oral (gavage) 90-day repeated dose toxicity of the test item Propylidynetrimethyl trimethacrylate (CAS 3290-92-4) to Wistar rats of both sexes was investigated in a GLP-compliant dose-effect study according to the OECD TG 408 (1998) and EU B.29 (1996) protocols.

The test item was administered daily by oral gavage at dose levels of 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg body weight/day (named groups 1 to 4, respectively) using a volume of 5 mL/kg body weight. The control group was treated with the vehicle, corn oil, only. The groups comprised 10 animals per sex which were sacrificed after 92/93 days of treatment. Clinical signs, outside cage observation, food consumption and body weights were recorded periodically during the acclimatization and treatment periods. Functional observational battery, locomotor activity and grip strength were performed during week 13. Oestrus cycling was assessed in all females for a period over 21 days during the final month of the study. At the end of the dosing period, blood samples were withdrawn for haematology and plasma chemistry analyses. Urine samples were collected for urinalyses. All animals were killed, necropsied and examined post mortem. Sperm samples were collected at necropsy to assess count, motility and morphology. Histological examinations were performed on organs and tissues from all control and high dose animals and all gross lesions from all animals

The administration of the test item to the test animals resulted in no test item-related deaths, no relevant findings during daily observations, weekly observations (weeks 1 - 12) or functional observational battery (week 13), no differences of toxicological relevance in the fore- and hind limb grip strength values, no test item-related differences in the ophthalmoscopy, no test item-related effects on haematology, clinical biochemistry or urine parameters. The duration and pattern of the oestrus cycles of the test item-treated females were similar to those of the control females.

At 1000 mg/kg bw/day, males showed lower mean body weights and elevated food consumption values which were considered to be test item-related. The mean locomotor activity was low in males at 1000 mg/kg bw/day. Although the mean body weights of the females were unaffected, there was a clear increase in the absolute and relative food consumption.

Differences noted in the liver and kidney weights of males and females treated with 1000 mg/kg bw/day were considered to be test item-related. There were no other differences of toxicological relevance noted in the rats treated with 300 mg/kg bw/day or 100 mg/kg bw/day.

The epithelial hyperplasia/hyperkeratosis and erosion/ulcer(s) of the non-glandular gastric mucosa was indicative of direct contact irritancy on the non-glandular mucosa (forestomach). At 1000 mg/kg bw/day, males were more affected than females, while at 300 mg/kg bw/day the finding was only present in one of 10 females. Owing to their random distribution among treated groups, the occasional erosion/ulcer(s) of the glandular mucosa was not considered to be related to the test item as such finding is occasionally seen in control animals. The centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy in females at 1000 mg/kg bw/day was the histological correlate of the increased liver weights recorded at necropsy. These findings were suggestive of an adaptive response to mixed function oxidase induction (Cattley et al. 2002). The decreased prostate/coagulating gland weights recorded at necropsy at 1000 mg/kg bw/day were correlated histologically with decreased secretory content. In the absence of test-item related effects in other male reproductive organs, the pathogenesis of this finding is unknown. In the spleen, the extramedullary haematopoiesis was slightly lower at 1000 mg/kg bw/day in males and females. The pathogenesis of this finding is also unknown.

In conclusion based on the results of this study, 300 mg/kg body weight/day of Propylidynetrimethyl trimethacrylate was established as the no-observed-effect-level (NOEL) and the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL).

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:: adverse effect observed
Dose descriptor:: NOAEL
: 300 mg/kg bw/day
Study duration:: subchronic
Species:: rat
Quality of whole database:: The oral study is considered to be reliable, and was performed according to the OECD 408 guideline.

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:: no study available

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - local effects

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:: no study available

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term repeated dose toxicity: dermal

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

June 1978

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study well documented ; it is a range-finding study of the 90-week dermal carcinogenicity study.

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

A dermal toxicity study was performed to assess dermal irritation caused by TMPTMA. Albino rabbits (5/sex/dose) were treated one daily, five days per week for two weeks for a total of 10 treatments. After 15 days, six/animals/group (3 abraded and 3 non-adraded, regardless sex) were sacrified and 30 days after the onset of treatment (two weeks after the last treatment) the remaining animals (4/group) were sacrified.

GLP compliance:

Limit test:

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

New Zealand White

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Maland Breeding Farms, Inc. Hewitt, New jersey
- Age at study initiation: no data
- Weight at study initiation: males : mean 2.5 kg (2.3-3.0), females mean = 2.5 kg (2.2-2.9)
- Fasting period before study:no data
- Housing: Individually housed in suspended stain-less steel caging.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Purina Rabbit chow, ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): tap water, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: at least one week

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): no data
- Humidity (%):no data
- Air changes (per hr):no data
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Type of coverage:

open

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on exposure:

On the day prior to the first treatment, the hair was clipped from the back of each rabbit, over an area large enough to accomodate the dose volume. Clipping was repeated at necessary throughout the study. The skin of half the animals (3M and 2F or 2M and 3F) was abraded over the area of exposure using an inverted clipper head prior to the first treatment and twice weekly thereafter. The abrasions were deep enough to penetrate the stratum corneum, but no to disturb the dermis.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Duration of treatment / exposure:

2 weeks

Frequency of treatment:

daily, 5/week

Dose / conc.:

300 mg/kg bw/day

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5 rabbits/ sex

Control animals:

yes

Details on study design:

Treatment was accomplished by dispensing the dose volume from a disposable syringe onto the animal's back and spreading it evenly over the area of exposure. Doses volumes were based on the most recent weekly body weights. Each animal was fitted with a plastic collar, designed to prevent ingestion of the test material, which was worn throughout the study. No dressings was applied to the teatment site.

Positive control:

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS& DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: daily

DERMAL IRRITATION : yes
- Time schedule for examinations: daily

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: pretest, weekly during treatment and terminally

FOOD CONSUMPTION: no

WATER CONSUMPTION: no

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: no

HAEMATOLOGY: no

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: no

URINALYSIS: no

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: no

Sacrifice and pathology:

Complete postmortem examination for animals dying spontaneoulsy or killed in a moribund conditions.

Other examinations:

Statistics:

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Dermal irritation:

effects observed, treatment-related

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not examined

Food efficiency:

not examined

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not examined

Ophthalmological findings:

not examined

Haematological findings:

not examined

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not examined

Urinalysis findings:

not examined

Behaviour (functional findings):

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not examined

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Neuropathological findings:

not examined

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Irritation only

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not examined

Details on results:

Control group : In this non-treated control group, half the animals were abraded and all wore callars and were clipped as needed throughout the study. Slight or very slight erythema and desquamation were observed in some animals on single occasions (Days 5 and 6 or 7 only). No unusual in-life signs were noted. All animals exhibited weight gains over the study period.

Treated group (TMPTMA): Slight erythema occurred in some or all animals during the two-week treatment period. Some animals (one to four) also exhibited slight edema during the first ten days of study but not subsequently. Desquamation, generally slight, occurred in the majority of animals during the second week noted in a few animals on single occasions during the treatment period. None of the rabbits treated with TMPTMA exhibited necrotic skin or eschar formation. No consistent patterns of unusual in-life signs occurred. One female exhibited a very slight weight loss.
Microscopic examination of selected tissues obtained from animals treated for two weeks with the test material revealed no evidence of a systemic effect of any of the materials administered. However, minimal to mild irritation was present in skin samples from rabbits treated with TMPTMA.

Examination of tissues from rabbits held for two weeks after treatment revealed no evidence of a systemic effect of the test material. Only minimal epithelial hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis was present in rabbits which received TMPTMA.

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Remarks:

(systemic effects)

Effect level:

300 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

body weight and weight gain

clinical signs

gross pathology

histopathology: non-neoplastic

mortality

Dose descriptor:

LOAEL

Remarks:

(local effects)

Effect level:

300 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

dermal irritation

Critical effects observed:

not specified

Conclusions:

Animals were exposed to a single dose-level of 300 mg/kg bw/d of TMPTMA for 2 weeks, with or without a recovery period of 2 weeks.
The NOAEL for systemic effects is 300 mg/kg bw/d based on the absence of adverse treatment-related effects on investigated parameters at this dose-level.
No NOAEL could be determined for local effects as dermal irritation was observed at 300 mg/kg bw/d, which is therefore the LOAEL.

Executive summary:

TMPTMA was applied to the backs of albino rabbits (5/sex/group). Rabbits were treated daily, five days per week, for two weeks (for a total of 10 treatments). Six treated animals were sacrified after two weeks and the remaining four animals were held for an additional two weeks during which no treatment was performed prior sacrifice.

Animals treated with TMPTMA (300 mg/kg/d) exhhibited signs of slight dermal irritation with no eschar formation or necrotic skin. No consistent pattern of unusual in-life signs occurred. One female exhibited a very slight weight loss.

Microscopic examination of selected tissues obtained from animals treated for two weeks with the test material revealed no evidence of a systemic effect of any of the materials administered. However, minimal to mild irritation was present in skin samples from rabbits treated with TMPTMA. Examination of tissues from rabbits held for two weeks after treament revealed no evidence of a systemic effect of the test material. Only minimal epithelial hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis was present in rabbits which received TMPTMA.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:: no adverse effect observed
Dose descriptor:: NOAEL
: 300 mg/kg bw/day
Study duration:: subacute
Species:: rabbit
Quality of whole database:: The subacute dermal study is considered to be reliable; it is a good range-finding study.

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - local effects

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term repeated dose toxicity: dermal

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

June 1978

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study well documented ; it is a range-finding study of the 90-week dermal carcinogenicity study.

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

GLP compliance:

Limit test:

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

New Zealand White

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Type of coverage:

open

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on exposure:

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Duration of treatment / exposure:

2 weeks

Frequency of treatment:

daily, 5/week

Dose / conc.:

300 mg/kg bw/day

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5 rabbits/ sex

Control animals:

yes

Details on study design:

Positive control:

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

Sacrifice and pathology:

Complete postmortem examination for animals dying spontaneoulsy or killed in a moribund conditions.

Other examinations:

Statistics:

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Dermal irritation:

effects observed, treatment-related

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not examined

Food efficiency:

not examined

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not examined

Ophthalmological findings:

not examined

Haematological findings:

not examined

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not examined

Urinalysis findings:

not examined

Behaviour (functional findings):

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not examined

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Neuropathological findings:

not examined

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Irritation only

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not examined

Details on results:

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Remarks:

(systemic effects)

Effect level:

300 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

body weight and weight gain

clinical signs

gross pathology

histopathology: non-neoplastic

mortality

Dose descriptor:

LOAEL

Remarks:

(local effects)

Effect level:

300 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

dermal irritation

Critical effects observed:

not specified

Conclusions:

Executive summary:

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:: adverse effect observed
Study duration:: subchronic
Species:: rabbit
Quality of whole database:: The subacute dermal study is considered to be reliable; it is a good range-finding study.

Additional information

90 -day repeated toxicity study (Harlan, 2015):

The test item was administered daily by oral gavage at dose levels of 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg body weight/day (named groups 1 to 4, respectively) using a volume of 5 mL/kg body weight. The control group was treated with the vehicle, con oil, only. The groups comprised 10 animals per sex which were sacrificed after 92/93 days of treatment. Clinical signs, outside cage observation, food consumption and body weights were recorded periodically during the acclimatization and treatment periods. Functional observational battery, locomotor activity and grip strength were performed during week 13. Oestrus cycling was assessed in all females for a period over 21 days during the final month of the study. At the end of the dosing period, blood samples were withdrawn for haematology and plasma chemistry analyses. Urine samples were collected for urinalyses. All animals were killed, necropsied and examined post mortem. Sperm samples were collected at necropsy to assess count, motility and morphology. Histological examinations were performed on organs and tissues from all control and high dose animals and all gross lesions from all animals

Oral combined repeated dose and reproduction / developmental screening test (Huntington, 2010)

In a GLP study conducted according to OECD guideline 422, three groups each comprising five male and five female rats for the Toxicity subgroup and five male and ten female rats for the Reproductive subgroup received propylidynetrimethyl trimethacrylate at doses of 100, 300 or 900 mg/kg bw/day. Toxicity subgroup males and females and Reproductive subgroup males were treated daily for five consecutive weeks. Reproductive subgroup females were treated daily for two weeks before pairing, throughout pairing, gestation and lactation until the day prior to termination on Day 7 of lactation. A similarly constituted Control group received the vehicle, propylene glycol, at the same volume-dose.

During the study, data was recorded on clinical condition, performance under detailed physical and arena examination, sensory reactivity, grip strength, motor activity, bodyweight, food consumption, water consumption (visual), haematology, blood chemistry, oestrous cycles, mating performance and fertility and gestation length. Organ weight, macroscopic and microscopic pathology investigations were undertaken in the adults. The clinical condition of offspring, litter size and survival, sex ratio and offspring bodyweight were assessed and macroscopic pathology investigations were undertaken.

There were two mortalities during the course of the study. One Reproductive subgroup female receiving 100 mg/kg bw/day was killed for welfare reasons on Day 22 of gestation due to dystocia. In addition, one Reproductive subgroup Control female (and consequently the litter) was killed for welfare reasons prior to dose administration on Day 4 of lactation. These isolated incidents were considered unrelated to treatment.

There were no signs observed among treated males and females at routine physical examination or during the arena observations that were considered to be related to treatment. There was also no effect of treatment on the food consumption, sensory reactivity findings, grip strength values and motor activity in males and females throughout the study.

At 900 mg/kg bw/day, mean bodyweight gain of males was slightly lower than Control during the two week pre-pairing period; females in this dose group showed similarly low weight gain during the first week of treatment only. Thereafter, for both sexes mean weight gain was essentially similar to Control, and the bodyweight gain of females during gestation and lactation was unaffected by treatment.

Oestrous cycle length, pre-coital interval and mating performance and fertility of the Reproductive subgroup females was unaffected by treatment. There was a suggestion of a minor shift towards a slightly longer gestation length among Reproductive subgroup females receiving 900 mg/kg bw/day.

Among the Toxicity subgroup animals, liver weights were slightly high in males and females receiving 900 mg/kg bw/day, and kidney weights were also high among females in this dose group. There were no associated haematological or biochemical changes, or macroscopic/microscopic abnormalities to explain the difference in the weight of the organs.

There were no macroscopic abnormalities and no test substance-related lesions at microscopic examination.

There were no clinical signs observed for F1 offspring that were considered to be related to parental treatment. The mean number of implantation sites, and consequently mean litter size, was lower than Control among Reproductive subgroup females receiving 900 mg/kg bw/day. There was no effect on pre- or post-natal survival and on sex ratio at any dose level. At 900 mg/kg bw/day, mean male and female offspring bodyweights on Day 1 of age were higher than Control; these differences were attributed to the slightly lower litter size and slight shift in gestation length observed in this group. There were no macroscopic abnormalities detected among the offspring that died during the early post-natal period, or at scheduled termination on Day 7 of age that were attributable to parental treatment.

Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that the NOAEL for systemic toxicity in the CD rat following 5 weeks of treatment was higher than 900 mg/kg bw/day. The NOAEL for the reproductive/developmental toxicity screening test within the scope of this study was also concluded to be higher than 900 mg/kg bw/day.

MTD study in rabbits treated by gavage (CiToxLab, 2017) :

The objective of this non-GLP preliminary study was to evaluate the potential toxicity of the test item following daily oral administration in the non-pregnant female rabbit, and to establish a Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD), in order to select dose levels for a further preliminary toxicity study in pregnant rabbits with the same route of administration.

Three non-pregnant female New Zealand White rabbits received the test item at 300 then 1000 mg/kg/day in the vehicle [0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose(400-800 cps) / 0.5% Tween 80 in drinking water treated by reverse osmosis] by the oral route (gavage) once daily for 7 days each dose. There was no wash-out period between doses. A constant dosage-volume of 3 mL/kg/day was used.The animals were checked daily for mortality and clinical signs. Body weight and food consumption were recorded every 2 to 3 days. At the end of the treatment period, the animals were sacrificed and evaluated by a macroscopicpost-mortemexamination of the principal thoracic and abdominal organs.

There were no test item-related clinical signs and no test item-related effects on food consumption or body weight change at either dose level.There were no macroscopic findings recorded at necropsy.

The test item was administered by gavage to three non-pregnant female New Zealand White rabbits at doses of 300 then 1000 mg/kg/day once daily during 7 days for each dose.There were no test item-related findings at either dose level and no macroscopic findings recorded at necropsy. Consequently, the dose level of 1000 mg/kg/day was considered to be the NOEL (No Observed Effect Level) and below the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) under the experimental conditions of the study.

Dermal two weeks toxicity study (Bio/dynamics, 1979):

Microscopic examination of selected tissues obtained from animals treated for two weeks with the test material revealed no evidence of a systemic effect of any of the materials administered. However, minimal to mild irritation was present in skin samples from rabbits treated with TMPTMA. Examination of tissues from rabbits heald for two weeks after treament revealed no evidence of a systemic effect pf the test material. Only minimal epithelial hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis was present in rabbits which received TMPTMA.

Justification for classification or non-classification

No target organ was identified in the repeated toxicity studies available on TMPTMA after oral and dermal exposure, therefore TMPTMA is not classified for repeated exposure according to the CLP Regulation(EC) N° 1272-2008.

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