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Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: short-term
Type of information:
migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Reliability:
3 (not reliable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Well documented scientific publication, but method not validated The rationale to use data from individual constituents and components of the complex is explained in chapter 1 of the CSR and in the adjacent "read-across document

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
publication
Title:
Lead and zinc bioavailability to Eisenia fetida after phosphorus amendment to repository soils
Author:
Ownby, D.R., Galvan, K.A., Lydy, M.J.
Year:
2005
Bibliographic source:
Environ. Pollut. 136, 315-321.

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:
Phosphorus fertiliser was added to two contaminated soils and bioavailability of heavy metasl as well as toxicity to earthworm Eisenia fetida was examined.
GLP compliance:
not specified

Test material

Constituent 1
Reference substance name:
Triple Superphosphate (TSP)
IUPAC Name:
Triple Superphosphate (TSP)
Constituent 2
Reference substance name:
Superphosphates, concd.
EC Number:
266-030-3
EC Name:
Superphosphates, concd.
Cas Number:
65996-95-4
Molecular formula:
not applicable (a generic molecular formula cannot be provided for this specific multi-constituent substance)
IUPAC Name:
Superphosphates, concd.
Details on test material:
TSP was bought from Voluntary Purchasing Group, Bonham TX, USA. In addition, rock phosphate was tested (IMC Feed Ingredients, Lake Forest, IL, USA).

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:
no

Test substrate

Vehicle:
no
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
Test soils were from two different heavy metal-contaminated sites in the USA, with similar carbon content and pH. Soils were homogenised and sieved through a 2mm sieve.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):
Eisenia fetida
Animal group:
annelids

Study design

Study type:
semi-field study
Substrate type:
natural soil
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
96 h

Test conditions

Test temperature:
20 °C
pH:
pH was variied between 5.4 and 6.5 to examine the influence of pH ontoxicity and on bioavailability of Pb and Zn.
Moisture:
approx. 20%, soils were kept moist by adding deionised water
Details on test conditions:
continuous light
Nominal and measured concentrations:
nominal concentrations: TSP and rock phosphate tested at concentrations of 5000 and 15000 mg P/kg soil.

Results and discussion

Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
LC0
Effect conc.:
5 000 mg/kg soil ww
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
phosphorous
Basis for effect:
mortality
Remarks on result:
other: at pH 6.4
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
LC100
Effect conc.:
15 000 mg/kg soil ww
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
phosphorous
Basis for effect:
mortality
Remarks on result:
other: at pH 6.5
Details on results:
Higher mortality after lowering of pH by phosphoric acid, but unclear whether P from phosphoric acid was included in concentrations given

Any other information on results incl. tables

TSP amendment (5000 mg P/kg soil) resulted in a significant reduction of bioaccumulation of Pb and Zn. Rock phosphate (5000 mg P/kg soil)

reduced significantly the uptake of Zn in earthworms:

Bioaccumulation factors in steady state (after 96h) (Cearthworm/Csoil) for 1 soil type (similar results for second soil):

Pb

control: 0.27+-0.03

TSP: 0.02+-0.01

rock phosphate: 0.32+-0.01

Zn:

Control: 0.21+-0.03

TSP: 0.09+-0.04

rock phosphate: 0.12+-0.01

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
Amendment of contaminated soils with TSP reduced availability of Pb and Zn to earthworms. Increased mortality of earthworms was observed after 96h at concentrations >5000 mg P/kg soil. Similar results were obtained with rock phosphates, although rock phosphate only reduced availability of Pb and not that of Zn.
Executive summary:

Amendment of contaminated soils with TSP reduced availability of Pb and Zn to earthworms. Increased mortality of earthworms was observed after 96h at concentrations >5000 mg P/kg soil. Similar results were obtained with rock phosphates, although rock phosphate only reduced availability of Pb and not that of Zn.