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EC number: 201-375-5 | CAS number: 81-77-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well-reported guideline study. No data on GLP compliance.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 990
- Report date:
- 1990
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 6,15-dihydroanthrazine-5,9,14,18-tetrone
- EC Number:
- 201-375-5
- EC Name:
- 6,15-dihydroanthrazine-5,9,14,18-tetrone
- Cas Number:
- 81-77-6
- Molecular formula:
- C28H14N2O4
- IUPAC Name:
- 6,15-dihydroanthrazine-5,9,14,18-tetrone
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Details on test material:
- - Purity: technical
- Storage: room temperature
- Physical state: solid (powder)
- Appearance: blue
- Stability: guaranteed for the duration of the study
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Further description: SPF/chbb: THOM
- Source: Dr. K. Thomae GmbH, D-7950 Biberach, FRG
- Age at study initiation: 8-9 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 273 ± 6.4 g (male), 188 ± 6.2 g (female)
- Housing: 5 per DK III cages (Becker); without bedding
- Diet: ad libitum; KLIBA rat/mouse laboratory diet 24-343-4 10 mm pellets, Klingentalmuehle AG, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland. (Assaying for contamination indicated levels not expected to influence the study outcome)
- Water: ad libitum (Assaying for contamination indicated levels not expected to influence the study outcome)
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 - 24
- Humidity (%): 30 - 70
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: dust
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- nose/head only
- Vehicle:
- air
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: INA 20 glass-steel construction, BASF AG
- Exposure chamber volume: ca. 55 L
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: animals were restrained in tubes and their snouts projected into the inhalation chamber
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: A dust aerosol was generated by means of a dosing-wheel dust generator (Before generation of aerosols, the test substance was desagglomerated with a mixer). The concentration was adjusted by varying the rotation of the metering disc.
- Method of particle size determination: An impactor equipped with glass-fiber collecting discs and a backup particle filter was connected to the pump and the test apparatus, and one sample (9 L) was taken. For analysis, the impactor was taken apart (30 minutes after test begin), and the collecting discs and the backup particle filter were weighed (Sartorius M3P and Mettler AE 240). The contents of the pre-impactor as well as the amounts of the material adsorbed on the walls of the impactor and in the sampling probe (wall losses) were also determined quantitatively.
- Temperature/humidity/ pressure in air chamber: 19 - 25°C/no data/To ensure that the mixture of test substance and air was not diluted with laboratory air in the breathing zones of the animals, the pressure ratios in the inhalation system were adjusted by means of an exhaust air system in such a way that the amount of exhaust air was about 10 lower (excess pressure).
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: The preweighed filter was placed into the filtration equipment. By means of a vacuum compressed air pump a volume of the dust aerosol was drawn through the filter. The dust concentration in mg/L was calculated from the difference between the preweight of the filter and the weight of the filter after sampling, with reference to the sample volume of the inhalation atmosphere.
- Equipment: Mettler AE 24 0
- Samples taken from breathing zone: yes
- Frequency of sampling: 1 per hour
- Sampling amount/velocity: 2 L/1.25 m/s
- Filter: MN 85/90 Bf (d = 4.7 cm)
- Nominal concentration: calculated from the amount of substance consumed and the air flow
TEST ATMOSPHERE (if not tabulated)
- MMAD 50% (Mass median aerodynamic diameter 50%) / GSD (Geometric st. dev.): 1.9 µm/3.9
- Respirable dust aerosol fraction (reaching the alveolar region): 89% - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Duration of exposure:
- 4 h
- Concentrations:
- - Nominal concentration: 110 mg/L
- Analytical concentration: 5.5 ± 0.246 mg/L - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations for mortality: daily
- Frequency of observations for clinical signs of toxicity: several times during exposure, then at least once daily till termination; no observations were performed on days 3, 4, 10, 11 and 12 (holiday or weekend).
- Frequency of weighing: before start of study, on day 7, and at termination of the study
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes - Statistics:
- The statistical evaluation of the concentration/effect relationship was carried out on the basis of the binomial test (Witting, H.: Mathematische Statistik 1974, pp. 32 - 35) in accordance with tables of the BASF Computer Center. The calculation of the particle size distribution was carried out on the basis of mathematical methods for evaluating particle measurements (DIN 66141: Darstellung von Korngroeßenverteilungen, DIN 66161: Partikelgroeßenanalyse).
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- > 5.5 mg/L air (analytical)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: Mortality (1/10) after 14 days.
- Mortality:
- 3.5 hours after begin of exposure, 1 of 5 female animals was found dead. No mortality occurred in the male animals.
- Clinical signs:
- other: During exposure: - accelerated respiration, irregular respiration, intermittent respiration, eyelid closure, attempts to escape (see table 1 for further information). After exposure and during observation period: - accelerated respiration, intermittent
- Body weight:
- Body weight gain over the observation period was comparable to that of historical (air) controls. On day 7 post treatment, body weights were increased by 9.5 and 10% (compared to initial bodyweights) in female and male animals, respectively) versus 10 and 15% in historical controls. On day 14 post treatment, body weights were increased by 12 and 21% (compared to initial bodyweights, respectively) versus 19 and 28% in historical controls.
- Gross pathology:
- - Animal that died: general congestion, lung (atelectasis, cardiac lobe)
- Sacrificed animals: no pathological findings noted
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Clinical signs and findings: during exposure (number of animals eliciting symptom)
Time after begin of exposure |
< 15 min |
15 min |
30 min |
1 h |
2h |
3h |
3.5 h |
4h |
Lethality (# of animals) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
Irregular respiration |
- |
- |
4 |
6 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Accelerated respiration |
- |
- |
- |
4 |
10 |
10 |
9 |
4 |
Intermittent respiration |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3 |
5 |
Closed eyelids |
- |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
9 |
Escape attempts |
10 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
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