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EC number: 201-855-4 | CAS number: 88-74-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Acceptable, well documented publication which meets basic scientific principles (neither Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA pKM101a nor S. typhimurium strain TA102 were employed in this study for the detection of oxidising mutagens and cross-linking agents)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Mutagenicity evaluation of nitroanilines and nitroaminophenols in Salmonella typhimurium.
- Author:
- Shahin MM
- Year:
- 1 985
- Bibliographic source:
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science 7: 277-289
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The test procedure described by Maron and Ames (1983) was followed.
Maron & Ames (1983). Mutation Res. 113: 173-215 - GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2-nitroaniline
- EC Number:
- 201-855-4
- EC Name:
- 2-nitroaniline
- Cas Number:
- 88-74-4
- Molecular formula:
- C6H6N2O2
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-nitroaniline
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): o-Nitroaniline
- Analytical purity: > 98 % (HPLC, TLC)
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- His +/-
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, TA100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9 mix prepared from liver microsomal fractions from male Wistar rats pretreated with 500 mg/kg bw Aroclor 1254
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 5-1000 µg/plate (8 concentrations)
- Vehicle / solvent:
- DMSO
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 1,2-diamono-4-nitrobenzene, 2-aminoanthracene
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3 plates/dose; two separate experiments - Evaluation criteria:
- A dose-dependent two-fold increase in the number of revertants per plate was used as the criterion for genetic activity of the compounds tested. A 2.5-fold increase over the spontaneous level, even without clear evidence of dose-dependence, was also considered to be an indication of genetic activity if found in repeated experiments.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, TA100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Compound/control |
TA1535 |
TA100 |
TA1537 |
TA1538 |
TA98 |
|||||
|
- S9 |
+ S9 |
- S9 |
+ S9 |
- S9 |
+ S9 |
- S9 |
+ S9 |
- S9 |
+ S9 |
|
Revertants/nmol |
|||||||||
o-nitroaniline |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revertant colonies/plate** |
|||||||||
Negative control |
18.5 |
17.5 |
166.0 |
159.5 |
25.0 |
34.0 |
30.0 |
45.0 |
47.5 |
61.5 |
Solvent control |
17.5 |
18.0 |
146.0 |
147.5 |
28.5 |
36.0 |
31.0 |
45.5 |
47.0 |
57.0 |
1,2-diamino-4-nitrobenzene |
40.5 |
34.5 |
639.0 |
400.0 |
194.0 |
67.0 |
1990.0 |
1794.0 |
3018.5 |
2311.5 |
2-aminoanthracene |
21.0 |
220.0 |
168.0 |
1649.0 |
23.5 |
258.0 |
29.5 |
1133.0 |
40.0 |
2050.0 |
* All values were determined from the linear portion of the dose response curves.
** Average of at least 30 independent controls.
The data reported in the present publication clearly show that not all compounds with a nitro group in their structure are genetically active. The three nitroanilines (ortho, meta, para) are isomers. The mutagenic properties of some members of this group therefore seem to have structural requirements beyond simple membership in this class of chemicals. Rather mutagenicity or non-mutagenicity seems to depend on the position of the electron donating amino (NH2) and hydroxy (OH) groups and the electron accepting nitro (NO2)group in the structure of these compounds. The authors have found o-nitroaniline not to be mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium. Moreover, the addition of a hydroxy group to m-nitroaniline either diminished its mutagenic activity (e.g., 2-nitro-6-aminophenol, 2-nitro-4-aminophenol) or altered its activity (e.g., 4-nitro-2-aminophenol).
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