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Toxicological information

Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
developmental toxicity
Type of information:
read-across from similar mixture/product
Remarks:
experimental study (source substance)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
1994
Report date:
1994

Materials and methods

Test guidelineopen allclose all
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 414 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: Official Journal of European Community L 133, May 30, 1988; 87/302/EEC
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: Official Journal of European Community L 180, March 01, 1991; 91/325/EEC
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes
Limit test:
no

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
Amides, C12-18(even-numbered) and C18(unsatd.), N-hydroxyethyl
EC Number:
931-338-5
Molecular formula:
not applicable
IUPAC Name:
Amides, C12-18(even-numbered) and C18(unsatd.), N-hydroxyethyl
Test material form:
liquid

Test animals

Species:
rat
Strain:
Sprague-Dawley
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River, Wiga D-Sulzfeld
- Age at study initiation: 8-10 wk
- Weight at study initiation: 209 g (mean)
- Housing: Single animal in Makrolon Type M3 cage (Ebeco) with standard softwood bedding
- Diet: Pelleted Altromin Maintenance Diet 1324, ad libitum
- Water: Tap water, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 5 d

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20-24
- Humidity (%): 43-66
- Air changes (per h): 10-15
- Photoperiod (h dark/h light): 12/12

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:
oral: gavage
Vehicle:
arachis oil
Details on exposure:
PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
Test material was suspended in Arachidis oil, DAB 9 such that the required dose per kg body weight was contained in 5 mL.

VEHICLE
Concentration in vehicle: 0, 20, 60 and 200 mg/mL
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
no
Details on mating procedure:
Impregnation procedure: Purchased timed pregnant
Duration of treatment / exposure:
From Day 6 up to Day 15 post coitum
Frequency of treatment:
Once daily
Duration of test:
20 d
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
Dose / conc.:
0 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Dose / conc.:
100 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Dose / conc.:
300 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Dose / conc.:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
No. of animals per sex per dose:
30
Control animals:
yes, concurrent vehicle
Details on study design:
Dose selection rationale: Based on the results of toxicological examinations done before (Report No. 486 = TBD 830034, June 27, 1983) (details not reported)


Examinations

Maternal examinations:
CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Twice daily

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examination: On Day 0, 6, 16 and 20 post coitum

POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS: Yes
- Sacrifice on gestation day 20
- Organs examined: All maternal organs, with emphasis on the uterus and uterine contents



Ovaries and uterine content:
The ovaries and uterine content was examined after termination: Yes
Examinations included:
- Gravid uterus weight: Yes
- Number of corpora lutea: Yes
- Number of implantations: Yes
- Number of early resorptions: Yes
- Number of late resorptions: Yes
- Other: Position of fetus in the uterus
Fetal examinations:
External examinations: Yes: [all per litter]
- Soft tissue examinations: Yes: [approximately half per litter]
- Skeletal examinations: Yes: [approximately half per litter]
- Head examinations: Yes: [approximately half per litter]

(See Table 1 for exact number of fetuses examined)
Statistics:
The following statistical methods were used:
If the variables could be assumed to follow a normal distribution, the Dunnett-Test, based on a pooled variance, was applied for the comparison between the treated groups and the control group.
The Steel-Test was applied when the data could not be assumed to follow a normal distribution.
Fisher's Exact test for 2x2 tables was applied if the variables could be dichotomized without loss of information (Bonferroni-Holm-corrected).

Indices:
- Pre-implantation loss (%) = [(Number of corpora lutea - number of implantations)/number of corpora lutea] X 100
- Post-implantation loss (%) = [(Number of implantations - number of live fetuses)/number of implantations] X 100
- Sex ratio (%) = [(number of males/females)/number of fetuses] X 100
Historical control data:
None

Results and discussion

Results: maternal animals

General toxicity (maternal animals)

Clinical signs:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Salivation and propulsion of the head in all dose groups. Additionally, the highest dose group showed a severe salivation. These symptoms were noted variable in the individual groups during the application period.
Dermal irritation (if dermal study):
not examined
Mortality:
no mortality observed
Description (incidence):
No mortality at any dose level.
Body weight and weight changes:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
No treatment-related effects on body weight gain were observed in the dams.
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
not examined
Food efficiency:
not examined
Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
not examined
Ophthalmological findings:
not examined
Haematological findings:
not examined
Clinical biochemistry findings:
not examined
Urinalysis findings:
not examined
Behaviour (functional findings):
not examined
Immunological findings:
not examined
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
Placenta and uterus weight: No significant differences between the control and the treatment groups.
Gross pathological findings:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
No macroscopic changes were observed in the survived dams except for one dam at 100 mg/kg/d bw, which showed greenish-brownish fluid in the uterine horn.
Neuropathological findings:
not examined
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
not examined
Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
not examined
Other effects:
not examined
Details on results:
None.

Maternal developmental toxicity

Number of abortions:
not examined
Pre- and post-implantation loss:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
Pre-implantation loss was not affected by the treatment. The post-implantation loss and total embryonic deaths were significantly increased in all treatment groups. However, these findings were considered to be incidental (non-treatment-related) because the values in the 100 mg/kg/d bw group were significantly greater than other two higher dose groups and in each group there was one single female with a high incidence of embryonic death.
Total litter losses by resorption:
no effects observed
Early or late resorptions:
not examined
Dead fetuses:
effects observed, non-treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Apart from the control (1 dead foetus) and the 100 mg/kg bw/day groups (7 dead foetuses), all females had viable foetuses. The data for post-implantation loss, embryonic deaths and total foetuses showed some deviations, which were considered to be non-treatment-related.
Changes in pregnancy duration:
not examined
Changes in number of pregnant:
not examined
Other effects:
not examined

Effect levels (maternal animals)

Key result
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Effect level:
ca. 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
Based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect level:
body weight and weight gain
clinical signs
gross pathology
mortality
organ weights and organ / body weight ratios

Maternal abnormalities

Key result
Abnormalities:
no effects observed

Results (fetuses)

Fetal body weight changes:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
The weights of live fetuses exhibited no significant differences on a litter and individual basis.
Reduction in number of live offspring:
effects observed, non-treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
The data for post-implantation loss, embryonic deaths and total foetuses showed some deviations, which were considered to be non-treatment-related.
Changes in sex ratio:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
The sex ratio of the fetuses was not affected by the treatment.
Changes in litter size and weights:
not examined
Changes in postnatal survival:
not examined
External malformations:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
No macroscopic findings were observed at external examination of fetuses which were considered to be an effect of the treatment. 1 dead fetus in control and 7 dead fetuses (4 out of 7 partly mummified) in 100 mg/kg/d bw group were recorded. One fetus showed a stump tail at 300 mg/kg/d bw and paleness was observed in one fetus at 1000 mg/kg/d bw. These singular findings are normal observations in the animal strain used.
Skeletal malformations:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
(i) Retardations: No significant finding at 100 mg/kg/d bw. Two sternebrae were non-ossified in 19 and 29 fetuses (statistically significant) at 300 and 1000 mg/kg/d bw, respectively. Statistically significant increase in the number of fetuses with incomplete ossification of skull bones (17 fetuses) and decrease in the number of fetuses with incomplete ossification of 13th rib (0 fetus) was observed at 1000 mg/kg/d bw. The increased "incomplete ossified skull bones" was essentially due to only 2 dams. The other statistically significant differences were considered to be incidental because these retardation effects were not accompanied by weight retardation and were within the normal range of variation for this strain.
(ii) Variations: No variations in any group.
(iii) Malformations: One fetus with stump tail and missing vertebrae coccigycae at 300 mg/kg/d bw (not considered to be treatment-related).
Visceral malformations:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
No treatment-related abnormalities.
Other effects:
not examined

Effect levels (fetuses)

Key result
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Effect level:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
reduction in number of live offspring
changes in sex ratio
fetal/pup body weight changes
external malformations
skeletal malformations
visceral malformations

Fetal abnormalities

Key result
Abnormalities:
no effects observed

Overall developmental toxicity

Key result
Developmental effects observed:
no

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 2. Summary of performance of mated females

Treatment dose (mg/kg/d)

0

100

300

1000

No. of mated females

30

30

30

30

No. of pregnant females

30

29

28

29

No. of females

with premature litter

1

0

2

3

No. of mortalities

0

0

0

0

No. of females with live

fetuses at termination

29

29*

26

26

* One dam out of these was not included because the weights of fetuses were not determined

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
Under the study conditions, the NOAELs for parental toxicity and developmental toxicity were considered to be 1000 mg/kg bw/day.
Executive summary:

A study was conducted to evaluate the prenatal developmental toxicity of the test substance, C12-18 and C18-unsatd. DEA according to OECD Guideline 414, in compliance with GLP. The substance was administered to groups of 30 female rats by gavage at dose levels of 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day, once daily from Gestation Days (GD) 6 to 15 inclusive. Control animals were dosed with the vehicle alone (arachis oil, DAB 9). Clinical condition and reaction to treatment were recorded at least once daily. Body weights were reported on GD 0, 6, 16 and 20. All surviving females were sacrificed on GD 20 and the foetuses were removed by caesarean section. At necropsy, the females were examined macroscopically. Live foetuses were weighed, sexed and examined for visceral and skeletal abnormalities. No deaths or treatment-related changes in body weight gain and necropsy findings were observed in dams at any dose level. Treatment-related symptoms observed in all groups were salivation and propulsion of the head. The highest dose group showed severe salivation. Apart from the control (1 dead foetus) and the 100 mg/kg bw/day groups (7 dead foetuses), all females had viable foetuses. Pre-implantation loss and mean numbers of resorptions were not affected by treatment. The data for post-implantation loss, embryonic deaths and total foetuses showed some deviations, which were considered to be non-treatment related. Mean placental and uterus weights were not affected by the treatment. Foetal sex ratio was comparable in all groups. No treatment-related foetal abnormalities were found at necropsy. The examined foetuses showed no treatment-related visceral and skeletal abnormalities/variations. One foetus at 300 mg/kg bw/day showed a stump tail and missing coccigycae vertebrae. Further, the data for skeletal ossifications showed some deviations in the two highest dose groups. However, all these effects were assessed to be non-treatment related. Under the study conditions, the NOAELs for parental toxicity and developmental toxicity were considered to be 1000 mg/kg bw/day (Pitterman, 1994).