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Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to microorganisms

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Endpoint:
activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Published peer reviewed guideline study, insufficient documentation
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test
GLP compliance:
not specified
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
Not relevant
Analytical monitoring:
not specified
Details on sampling:
No information available
Vehicle:
not specified
Details on test solutions:
No information available
Test organisms (species):
activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
Details on inoculum:
Activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
Test type:
not specified
Water media type:
not specified
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
3 h
Post exposure observation period:
No further information available
Hardness:
No information available
Test temperature:
No information available
pH:
No information available
Dissolved oxygen:
No information available
Salinity:
No information available
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal
Details on test conditions:
No further information
Reference substance (positive control):
not specified
Duration:
3 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Details on results:
No further information
Results with reference substance (positive control):
No information available
Reported statistics and error estimates:
No information available

The 3h EC50 of tributyl phosphate in the activated sludge respiration inhibition test was 100 mg/L.

Validity criteria fulfilled:
not specified
Conclusions:
The 3h EC50 of tributyl phosphate in the activated sludge respiration inhibition test was 100 mg/L.
Executive summary:

The 3 -hour EC50 of tributyl phosphate in the activated sludge respiration inhibition test was 100 mg/L.

Endpoint:
activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Proprietary data
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test
GLP compliance:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material :
Not relevant
Analytical monitoring:
not specified
Details on sampling:
No further details provided
Vehicle:
not specified
Details on test solutions:
No further details provided
Test organisms (species):
activated sludge
Details on inoculum:
No further details provided
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
3 h
Post exposure observation period:
No further details provided
Hardness:
No further details provided
Test temperature:
No further details provided
pH:
No further details provided
Dissolved oxygen:
No further details provided
Salinity:
No further details provided
Nominal and measured concentrations:
No further details provided
Details on test conditions:
No further details provided
Reference substance (positive control):
not specified
Duration:
3 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
300 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
inhibition of total respiration
Remarks:
respiration rate
Details on results:
No further details provided
Results with reference substance (positive control):
No further details provided
Reported statistics and error estimates:
No further details provided

The EC50 was found to be 300 mg/L under the conditions of this study.

Validity criteria fulfilled:
not specified
Conclusions:
The EC50 was found to be 300 mg/L under the conditions of this study.
Executive summary:

The toxicity of tributylphosphate was investigated in an activated sludge respiration inhibition test (OECD 209). The EC50 was found to be 300 mg/L under the conditions of this study.

Endpoint:
toxicity to microorganisms, other
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Published peer reviewed study
Qualifier:
no guideline followed
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Toxicity to bacteria
GLP compliance:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
Not relevant
Analytical monitoring:
no
Details on sampling:
No data
Vehicle:
not specified
Details on test solutions:
No information available
Test organisms (species):
Pseudomonas putida
Details on inoculum:
No information available
Test type:
not specified
Water media type:
not specified
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
16 h
Post exposure observation period:
No information available
Hardness:
No information available
Test temperature:
25 °C
pH:
No information available
Dissolved oxygen:
No information available
Salinity:
No information available
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal
Details on test conditions:
No information available
Reference substance (positive control):
not specified
Duration:
16 h
Dose descriptor:
other: Toxicity Threshold
Effect conc.:
> 100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Details on results:
No further information
Results with reference substance (positive control):
No information available
Reported statistics and error estimates:
No information available

The 16-hour toxicity threshold of Pseudomona putida to tributyl phosphate was > 100 mg/L at 25 °C.

Conclusions:
The 16-hour toxicity threshold of Pseudomona putida to tributyl phosphate was > 100 mg/L at 25 °C.
Executive summary:

The 16-hour toxicity threshold of Pseudomona putida to tributyl phosphate was > 100 mg/L at 25 °C.

Endpoint:
toxicity to microorganisms, other
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Published study of non-standard design
Qualifier:
no guideline followed
Principles of method if other than guideline:
A test was developed using Tetrahymena pyriformis in order to determine the toxicity of various chemicals.
GLP compliance:
no
Remarks:
: published literature paper
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
not applicable
Analytical monitoring:
not specified
Details on sampling:
Two different counting methods were used. One used a microscope with a specially prepared glass slide which contained a depression that could hold 20 cells. A quantity of cultured medium was dropped onto the glass slide and an adequate amount of 3.7 % formaline and 0.7 % CaCl2 was added to kill the cells. The count was repeated three times and the mean value of the number of cells were recorded.

The other method used a Coulter Counter. The samples were diluted to 50 % with Isotone. The count was repeated twice and the mean value recorded.
Vehicle:
not specified
Details on test solutions:
A stock solution of the test chemical at high concentration was prepared and stored in a refrigerator. Tetrahymena pyriformis was pre-cultured at 30 ° C for 24 hours. The stock solution of the chemical was added to the sterile medium to provide a concentration ratio of 1.8 in 10 mL of 2 % proteose peptone. The solutions were then inoculated with 0.02 mL of pre-cultured T. pyriformis and cultivated at 30 ° C for 24 hours without agitation. The number of cells was then counted.
Test organisms (species):
Tetrahymena pyriformis
Details on inoculum:
Tetrahymena pyriformis was pre-cultured at 30 °C for 24 hours. The stock solution of the chemical was added to the sterile medium to provide a concentration ratio of 1.8 in 10 mL of 2 % proteose peptone. The solutions were then inoculated with 0.02 mL of pre-cultured T. pyriformis and cultivated at 30 ° C for 24 hours without agitation. The number of cells was then counted.
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
24 h
Post exposure observation period:
no data
Hardness:
no data
Test temperature:
30 ° C
pH:
no data
Dissolved oxygen:
no data
Salinity:
no data
Nominal and measured concentrations:
no data
Details on test conditions:
The method was carried out under sterile test conditions. Tetrahymena pyriformis was pre-cultured at 30 °C for 24 hours. The stock solution of the chemical was added to the sterile medium to provide a concentration ratio of 1.8 in 10 mL of 2 % proteose peptone. The solutions were then inoculated with 0.02 mL of pre-cultured T. pyriformis and cultivated at 30 ° C for 24 hours without agitation. The number of cells was then counted.
Reference substance (positive control):
not specified
Duration:
24 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
20 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth inhibition
Details on results:
The EC50 for tributyl phosphate was determiend to be 20 mg/L.
Results with reference substance (positive control):
No data
Reported statistics and error estimates:
No data

The EC50 for tributylphosphate in T. pyriformis was found to be 20 mg/L (equivalent to 74 uM).

Validity criteria fulfilled:
not specified
Conclusions:
The EC50 for tributylphosphate in T. pyriformis was found to be 20 mg/L (equivalent to 74 uM).
Executive summary:

The toxicity of tributyl phosphate was assessed in a 24 -hour assay using Tetrahymena pyriformis. The EC50 was found to be 20 mg/L.

Endpoint:
toxicity to microorganisms, other
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Results of a published screening study with a number of chemicals
Qualifier:
no guideline followed
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Screening assay for toxicity to microorganisms
GLP compliance:
no
Remarks:
: literature reference
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
Not applicable
Analytical monitoring:
not specified
Details on sampling:
An electronic cell counter is used for the quantitative determination of the protozoa inoculated and the multiplication of protozoan cells within the test cultures, after a suitable electrolyte has been added to the culture.
Vehicle:
not specified
Details on test solutions:
No data
Test organisms (species):
Entosiphon sulcatum
Details on inoculum:
The flagellate Entosiphon sulcatum serves as a model organism in a standardised mineral test medium. The rotozoan cultures are fed with pure cultures of Escherichia coli prepared i a standardised nutrient medium. Feeding is quantitatively controlled by turbidimetry. Before feeding, nutrient residues from the culture medium aer carefully removed from the bacteria. Stock and preliminary cultures of protozoa are fed with vialbe bacteria whereas the test cultures arefed with killed bacteria to avoid a metabolisation of the pollutants by them.
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
3 d
Post exposure observation period:
No data
Hardness:
No data
Test temperature:
No data
pH:
No data
Dissolved oxygen:
No data
Salinity:
No data
Nominal and measured concentrations:
No data
Details on test conditions:
No data
Reference substance (positive control):
not specified
Duration:
3 d
Dose descriptor:
other: toxicity threshold
Effect conc.:
14 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth inhibition
Details on results:
The toxicity threshold for tributyl phosphate was found to be be 14 mg/L based on growth inhibition.
Results with reference substance (positive control):
No data
Reported statistics and error estimates:
No data

The toxicity threshold for tributylphosphate in Entosiphon sulcatum is reported to be 14 mg/L.

Validity criteria fulfilled:
not specified
Conclusions:
The toxicity threshold for tributylphosphate in Entosiphon sulcatum is reported to be 14 mg/L.
Executive summary:

The authors report the development of a screening assay for chemicals in a number of aquatic organisms. The toxicity threshold for tributylphosphate in the protozoan Entosiphon sulcatum is reported to be 14 mg/L.

Endpoint:
toxicity to microorganisms, other
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Results of a published screening study reported for a number of chemicals
Qualifier:
no guideline followed
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The authors report the development of a cell multiplication inhibition assay for the assessment of the acute toxicity of chemicals in the saprozoic flagellate Chilomonas paramecium Ehrenberg.
GLP compliance:
no
Remarks:
: literature study
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
Not applicable
Analytical monitoring:
not specified
Details on sampling:
An electronic cell counter is used for the quantitiative determination of the protozoa inoculated and of the multiplication of protozoan calls within the test cultures after addition of a suitable electrolyte.
Vehicle:
not specified
Details on test solutions:
No data
Test organisms (species):
Chilomonas paramaecium
Details on inoculum:
The flagellate saprozic protozoan Chilomonas paramaecium Ehrenberg cultured in a bacteria-free standardised organic mineral nutrient medium serves as model organism.
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
48 h
Post exposure observation period:
No data
Hardness:
No data
Test temperature:
No data
pH:
No data
Dissolved oxygen:
No data
Salinity:
No data
Details on test conditions:
No data
Reference substance (positive control):
not specified
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
other: toxic threshold
Effect conc.:
42 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: cell number
Details on results:
The toxicity threshold of 42 mg/L was determined for tributyl phopsphate in the flagellate Chilomonas paramecium.
Results with reference substance (positive control):
No data
Reported statistics and error estimates:
No data

The toxicity threshold for tributylphosphate in the flagellate Chilomonas paramecium was 42 mg/L under the conditions of this assay.

Validity criteria fulfilled:
not specified
Conclusions:
The toxicity threshold for tributylphosphate in the flagellate Chilomonas paramecium was 42 mg/L under the conditions of this assay.
Executive summary:

The authors report the development of a cell multiplication inhibition assay for the assessment of the acute toxicity of chemicals in the saprozoic flagellate Chilomonas paramecium Ehrenberg. The 48-hour toxicity threshold for tributylphosphate was found to be 42 mg/L under the conditions of this assay.

Endpoint:
toxicity to microorganisms, other
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Published results of a screening study perfomed with a number of chemicals
Qualifier:
no guideline followed
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The authors report the development of a screening assasy for the assessment of the aquatic toxicity of chemicals in the bacterivious ciliate protozoan Uronema parduczi Chatton-Lwoff.
GLP compliance:
no
Remarks:
: literature study
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
Not applicable
Analytical monitoring:
not specified
Details on sampling:
An electronic cell counter was used for the quantitative determination of the protozoa inoculated and of the multiplication of protozoan calls within the test cultures after addition of a suitable electrolyte.
Vehicle:
yes
Details on test solutions:
No data
Test organisms (species):
Uronema sp.
Details on inoculum:
The protozoan cultures are are fed with pure cultures of Escherichia coli, which are cultivated on a standardised nutrient medium. Feeding is quantitatively controlled by turbidimetry. Before feeding, residues from the nutrient medum were carefully removed from the bacteria. Stock and preliminary cultures of protozoa were fed with live bacteria, whereas the test cultures were fed with inactivated bacteria to avoid a metabolisation of the pollutants by them.
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
20 h
Post exposure observation period:
No data
Hardness:
No data
Test temperature:
No data
pH:
No data
Dissolved oxygen:
No data
Salinity:
No data
Nominal and measured concentrations:
No data
Details on test conditions:
No information provided
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Duration:
20 h
Dose descriptor:
other: toxic threshold
Effect conc.:
21 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: cell number
Details on results:
The toxic threshold of tributyl phosphate was found to be 21 mg/L.
Results with reference substance (positive control):
No data
Reported statistics and error estimates:
No data

The toxic threshold for tributylphosphate in the test organism was found to be 21 mg/L.

Validity criteria fulfilled:
not specified
Conclusions:
The toxic threshold for tributylphosphate in the test organism was found to be 21 mg/L.
Executive summary:

The authors report the development of a screening assasy for the assessment of the aquatic toxicity of chemicals in the bacterivious ciliate protozoan Uronema parduczi Chatton-Lwoff. The toxic threshold was defined as a reduction of cell numbers of > 5% compared to controls, over a 20 -hour exposure period.

The toxic threshold for tributylphosphate in the test organism was found to be 21 mg/L.

Description of key information

A number of published studies in various species are available.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC50 for microorganisms:
100 mg/L

Additional information

The results of the available studies are summarised below.


The most relevant EC50 value (Yoshioka et al, 1986, 3h-EC50: 100 mg/L, obtained with activated sludge and not with individual microorganisms) was chosen as key value for chemical safety assessment.


 






















































Species



Endpoint



Time



Reference



Activated sludge



EC50: 100 mg/L



3h



Yoshioka et al, 1986



Pseudomonas putida



Toxicity threshold: >100 mg/L



16h



Bringmann & Kuehn, 1977



Tetrahymena pyriformis



EC 50: 20 mg/L



24h



Yoshioka, 1985



Activated sludge



EC50: 300 mg/L



3h



Bayer, 1985



Entosiphon sulcatum



Toxicity threshold: 14 mg/L



72h



(Bringmann & Kuehn, 1979)



Chilomonas paramecium



Toxicity threshold: 42 mg/L



48h



(Bringmann et al, 1980)



Uronema parduczi



Toxicity threshold: 21 mg/L



20h



(Bringmann & Kuehn, 1980)