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Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

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Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Proprietary study, summarised in OECD SIDS (secodnary source). Officially accepted and peer-reviewed by the OECD SIDS evaluation programme.
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: ABC Protocol 8004-PMN
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Acute algae toxicity test
GLP compliance:
not specified
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
Not relevant
Analytical monitoring:
not specified
Details on sampling:
No information available
Vehicle:
not specified
Details on test solutions:
No information available
Test organisms (species):
Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
Details on test organisms:
Selenastrum capricornutum Printz.
Test type:
static
Water media type:
not specified
Total exposure duration:
96 h
Post exposure observation period:
No information available
Hardness:
No information available
Test temperature:
24 °C
pH:
No information available
Dissolved oxygen:
No information available
Salinity:
No information available
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal
Details on test conditions:
Static
Reference substance (positive control):
not specified
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
2.2 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
4.4 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Details on results:
No further information
Results with reference substance (positive control):
Not relevant
Reported statistics and error estimates:
No information available

The 96 -hour NOEC of tributyl phosphate to Selenastrum capricornutum at 24 °C was 2.2mg/L, and the 96h EC50 was 4.4mg/L.

Validity criteria fulfilled:
not specified
Conclusions:
The 96h NOEC of tributyl phosphate to Selenastrum capricornutum at 24 °C was 2.2mg/L, and the 96h EC50 was 4.4mg/L.
Executive summary:

The 96 -hour NOEC of tributyl phosphate toSelenastrum capricornutumat 24°C was 2.2mg/L, and the 96h EC50was 4.4mg/L.

Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Published peer-reviewed study
Qualifier:
no guideline followed
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Cell multiplication inhibition test.
GLP compliance:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
Not relevant.
Analytical monitoring:
no
Details on sampling:
No information provided
Vehicle:
no
Details on test solutions:
No information available.
Test organisms (species):
Scenedesmus quadricauda
Details on test organisms:
Scenedesmus quadricauda, green algae. Cultures maintained in flasks on a white surface, protected against daylight and exposed to constant fluorescent lighting, and a relative humidity of 50 %.
Test type:
other: cell multiplication inhibition test
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
8 d
Post exposure observation period:
No information provided.
Hardness:
No information provided.
Test temperature:
25 °C
pH:
7
Dissolved oxygen:
No information available.
Salinity:
Not relevant.
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal
Details on test conditions:
Cultures maintained in flasks on a white surface, protected against daylight and exposed to constant fluorescent lighting, and a relative humidity of 50 %. Cultures were shaken daily and maintained for 8 days. The quantity of the cell material to be used in the test was determined turbidmetrically.
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Duration:
8 d
Dose descriptor:
other: Toxicity Threshold
Effect conc.:
3.2 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
biomass
Remarks:
turbidity
Details on results:
No further information available
Results with reference substance (positive control):
Not relevant.
Reported statistics and error estimates:
No information available.

Toxicity thresholds were calculated graphically using the median value of the extinction level of all control test cultures (provided that their extinction values are within a range of < 3 % standard deviation), and the median value of the extinction of the three test cultures having the lowest toxic pollutant concentration.

Validity criteria fulfilled:
not specified
Conclusions:
The toxicity threshold of tributyl phosphate to Scenedesmus quadricauda was 3.2mg/l.
Executive summary:

The toxicity threshold of tributyl phosphate was determined using the cell multiplication inhibition test in the green algae, Scenedesmus quadricauda. Turbidity was used as the measure of biomass, 8 days after inoculation of the test substance. The toxicity threshold of tributyl phosphate to Scenedesmus quadricauda was 3.2 mg/L.

Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Published peer-reviewed study
Qualifier:
no guideline followed
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Cell multiplication inhibition test
GLP compliance:
no
Remarks:
: literature paper
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
Not relevant.
Analytical monitoring:
no
Details on sampling:
No information available
Vehicle:
no
Details on test solutions:
No information available.
Test organisms (species):
Microcystis aeruginosa
Details on test organisms:
Microcystis (Diplocystis) aeruginosa, blue-green algae. Cultures maintained in flasks on a white surface, protected against daylight and exposed to constant fluorescent lighting, and a relative humidity of 50%.
Test type:
other: cell multiplication inhibition test
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
8 d
Post exposure observation period:
No information available
Hardness:
No information available.
Test temperature:
27 °C
pH:
7
Dissolved oxygen:
No information available
Salinity:
Not relevant.
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal
Details on test conditions:
Cultures maintained in flasks on a white surface, protected against daylight and exposed to constant fluorescent lighting, and a relative humidity of 50 %. Cultures were shaken daily and maintained for 8 days. The quantity of the cell material to be used in the test was determined turbidmetrically.
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Duration:
8 d
Dose descriptor:
other: Toxicity Threshold
Effect conc.:
4.1 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
biomass
Remarks:
turbidity
Details on results:
No further information available.
Results with reference substance (positive control):
Not relevant.
Reported statistics and error estimates:
No information provided.

Toxicity thresholds were calculated graphically using the median value of the extinction level of all control test cultures (provided that their extinction values are within a range of < 3 % standard deviation), and the median value of the extinction of the three test cultures having the lowest toxic pollutant concentration.

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The toxicity threshold of tributyl phosphate to Microcystis (Diplocystis) aeruginosa was 4.1mg/L.
Executive summary:

The toxicity threshold of tributyl phosphate was determined using the cell multiplication inhibition test in the blue-green algae, Microcystis (Diplocystis) aeruginosa. Turbidity was used as the measure of biomass, 8 days after inoculation of the test substance. The toxicity threshold of tributyl phosphate to Microcystis (Diplocystis) aeruginosa was found to be 4.1 mg/L.

Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Published peer-reviewed study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: DIN 38412 Part 9 (draft standard)
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Cell multiplication inhibition test
GLP compliance:
no
Remarks:
: published literature study
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
Not relevant.
Analytical monitoring:
no
Vehicle:
yes
Details on test solutions:
The test material was quantitatively dissolved to produce an optically clear stock solution in 800 mL double distilled water using magnetic stirrers.
Test organisms (species):
Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
Details on test organisms:
Scenedesmus subspicatus CHODAT (green algae). Strain number 8681 SAG, maintained over a number of decades in a submerged culture.
Cultured on a white surface protected from daylight and exposed to constant fluorescent lighting.
Test type:
other: cell multiplication inhibition test
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
96 h
Post exposure observation period:
No information available.
Hardness:
No information available.
Test temperature:
24 ± 1 °C
pH:
8.0 ± 0.3
Dissolved oxygen:
No information available.
Salinity:
Not relevant.
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal concentrations
Details on test conditions:
Tests carried out in standard Erlenmeyer flasks of various sizes as stipulated in the guideline. The test and control preparations were incubated under constant fluorescent lighting and shaken daily.
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
0.44 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Basis for effect:
biomass
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
0.37 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Basis for effect:
biomass
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
0.5 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Basis for effect:
biomass
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
1.3 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Basis for effect:
biomass
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
1.1 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Basis for effect:
biomass
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
1.3 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Basis for effect:
biomass
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
0.66 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
0.92 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
4.2 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
2.8 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Details on results:
Effective concentrations are presented for growth rate (at 48 and 72 hours) and biomass (at 48, 72 and 96 hours). The control cultures exhibited logarithmic growth up to 72 hours after the beginning of the test. Between 72 and 96 hours there was a transition to the stationary phase. There was a 16 fold increase in the cell number within 3 days. After 72 hours there was an increase in pH of 1.3 (allowable under Test Procedure DIN38412).
Results with reference substance (positive control):
Not relevant
Reported statistics and error estimates:
No information available.

The effects of tributyl phosphate on the growth rate and biomass of Scenedesmus subspicatus are shown below as effect concentrations (EC).


 


































Test Period



Biomass EC10 mg/l



Growth Rate EC10 mg/l



Biomass EC50 mg/l



Growth Rate EC50 mg/l



0-48h



0.44



0.66



1.3



4.2



0-72h



0.37



0.92



1.1



2.8



0-96h



0.50



-



1.3



-


Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The biomass EC50 values for tributylphosphate were 1.1 -1.3 mg/L; the growth rate EC50 values were 2.8 -4.2 mg/L.
Executive summary:

The effect of tributyl phosphate on Scenedesmus subspicatus was investigated using the cell multiplication inhibition test, to determine the effect concentrations (EC). The test was conducted in accordance with the test procedure DIN38412, Part 9 (draft standard). Cultures of Scenedesmus were prepared from a maintained culture of strain number 8681 SAG. The test material was quantitatively dissolved to produce an optically clear stock solution in double distilled water. All tests were carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks, maintained under constant fluorescent lighting, and shaken daily. Positive controls containing culture only (i.e. no tributyl phosphate) were prepared. Biomass was determined by measuring the optical density of the test mixture and the control at the beginning of the test, and 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours later. Growth curves were then calculated for the positive control to act as a standard with which to compare the growth curves obtained for the test mixture. The biomass EC50 values for tributylphosphate were 1.1 -1.3 mg/L; the growth rate EC50 values were 2.8 -4.2 mg/L.

Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Published peer reviewed study
Qualifier:
no guideline followed
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Acute toxicity study in algae
GLP compliance:
not specified
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
Not relevant
Analytical monitoring:
not specified
Details on sampling:
No information available
Vehicle:
not specified
Details on test solutions:
No information available
Test organisms (species):
Chlorella emersonii
Details on test organisms:
Chlorella emersonii, green algae.
Test type:
not specified
Water media type:
not specified
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
2 d
Post exposure observation period:
No information availabe
Hardness:
No information available
Test temperature:
25 °C
pH:
No information available
Dissolved oxygen:
No information available
Salinity:
No information available
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal
Details on test conditions:
No information available
Reference substance (positive control):
not specified
Duration:
2 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
>= 5 - <= 10 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Details on results:
No further information
Results with reference substance (positive control):
No information available
Reported statistics and error estimates:
No information available

The 2 day EC50 of tributyl phosphate to the green algae Chlorella emersonii was 5 -10 mg/L at 25 °C.

Validity criteria fulfilled:
not specified
Conclusions:
The 2 day EC50 of tributyl phosphate to the green algae Chlorella emersonii was 5 -10 mg/l at 25 °C.
Executive summary:

The 2 day EC50 of tributyl phosphate to the green algae Chlorella emersonii was 5 -10 mg/L at 25 °C.

Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Published peer reviewed study
Qualifier:
no guideline followed
Principles of method if other than guideline:
14 day toxicity test in algae
GLP compliance:
not specified
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
Not relevant
Analytical monitoring:
not specified
Details on sampling:
No information available
Vehicle:
not specified
Details on test solutions:
No
Test organisms (species):
other: 13 species of freshwater algae
Details on test organisms:
13 species of freshwater algae (phytoplankton), grown in 250µl liquid cultures on plastic microtitration plates.
Test type:
not specified
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
14 d
Post exposure observation period:
No information available
Hardness:
No information available
Test temperature:
No information available
pH:
No information available
Dissolved oxygen:
No information available
Salinity:
Not relevant
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal
Details on test conditions:
No further information available
Reference substance (positive control):
not specified
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC100
Effect conc.:
50 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
5 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Details on results:
No further information
Results with reference substance (positive control):
No information available
Reported statistics and error estimates:
No information available

The 14 day EC100 of tributyl phosphate to 13 species of phytoplankton was 50 mg/l, the 14 day LOEC was 5mg/l.

Conclusions:
The 14 day EC100 of tributyl phosphate to 13 species of phytoplankton was 50 mg/L, the 14 day LOEC was 5mg/L.
Executive summary:

The 14 day EC100 of tributyl phosphate to 13 species of phytoplankton was 50 mg/L, the 14 day LOEC was 5 mg/L.

Description of key information

The results of a number of published and proprietary studies in different species are available.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC50 for freshwater algae:
1.1 mg/L

Additional information

The results of a number of studies in different species are available and are summarised below. The lowest and thus most conservative LC50 value (Kuehn & Pattard, 1990, 96h-LC50: 1.1. mg/L based on biomass) was chosen as key value for chemical safety assessment.


 
















































Species



Endpoint



Time



Reference



Microcystis aeruginosa



Toxicity threshold: 4.1 mg/L



8d



Bringmann & Kuehn, 1978



Scenedesmus subspicatus



Toxicity threshold: 3.2 mg/L



8d



Bringmann & Kuehn, 1978



Scenedesmus subspicatus



EC50 1.1-1.3 mg/L (biomass); 2.8-4.2 mg/L (growth)



96h



Kuehn & Pattard, 1990



Selenastrum capricornutum



EC50 4.4 mg/L



96h



Burgess & Wirth, 1990



Chlorella emersonii



EC50 5-10 mg/L



48h



Dave et al, 1979



Phytoplankton species



EC100 50 mg/L


LOEC 5 mg/L



14d



Blanck et al, 1984