Tributyl phosphate

Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

Not supplied

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Published study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Bioaccumulation in fish from water in a continuous flow system.

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

literature study

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
Not relevant

Radiolabelling:

not specified

Details on sampling:

The aquarium tank contained 70 – 100 killifish and groups 3 to 4 fish were taken out at various intervals. After 11 – 38 days the remaining fish were transferred into another aquarium tank provided with a continuous supply of clean water and reared for 1 or 2 days. An aliquot of breeding water and a group of fish were taken out at various intervals to analyse the phosphate content. The fish were analysed immediately after sampling.

Vehicle:

yes

Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
The test solution was prepared by diluting the acetone solutions of the TBP (1 mg/L) with water to a concentration of 10 ppm.

Test organisms (species):

Oryzias latipes

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Killifish
- Source: Purchased from a market
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 0.1 - 0.2 g
- Diet: The fish were fed TeraMin once a day throughout the experimental period.

ACCLIMATION
Acclimatised to laboratory conditions for at least 10 days at 25 °C

Route of exposure:

aqueous

Test type:

flow-through

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Total exposure / uptake duration:

>= 11 - <= 38 d

Total depuration duration:

>= 1 - <= 2 d

Hardness:

No details supplied

Test temperature:

25 °C

pH:

No details supplied

Dissolved oxygen:

No details supplied

TOC:

No details supplied

Salinity:

No details supplied

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
Test chemical solution was supplied to the mixing equipment by a constant-flow micro-pump at a flow speed of 3.5 – 4- ml/hr. In the mixing equipment the test solution was diluted with water which was introduced via a tube pump a t a flow speed of 1000 – 2--- ml/hr. The diluted solution was poured into the aquarium tank as test breeding water.


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
The concentration of TBP in the test breeding water was adjusted to 0.1 ppm. The test breeding water in the aquarium tank was maintained at 25 °C and stirred moderately with a magnetic stirrer to keep the temperature and the concentration of chemicals homogenous

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0.1 ppm nominal; 0.093-0.108 ppm analytical.

Details on estimation of bioconcentration:

Chemical analysis (FPD-GC)

Conc. / dose:

0.1 other: ppm

Temp.:

25 °C

Type:

BCF

Value:

>= 21 - <= 35

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Time of plateau:

1 d

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Conc.in environment

Elimination:

yes

Parameter:

DT90

Depuration time (DT):

24 h

Details on kinetic parameters:

No details supplied

Metabolites:

No details supplied

Results with reference substance (positive control):

No details supplied

Details on results:

No details supplied

Reported statistics:

No details supplied

The concentration of TBP remained almost constant at 0.093 – 0.108 ppm.

 

The test substance was taken up rapidly into the fish, reaching steady state within 24 hours. Levels remain constant for the remainder of the study. BCF values were calculated to be 21 -35. Following removal from the test water, elimination was rapid with a biological half-life (BH) value of 1.25 hours. Levels were below the LOD at 24 hours.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The test substance was taken up rapidly into the fish, reaching steady state within 24 hours. Levels remain constant for the remainder of the study. BCF values were calculated to be 21 -35. Following removal from the test water, elimination was rapid with a BH (biological half-life) value of 1.25 hours. Levels were below the LOD at 24 hours.

Executive summary:

The bioaccumulation of tributylphosphate was investigated in a continuous exposure system in Killifish. The test substance was taken up rapidly into the fish, reaching steady state within 24 hours. Levels remain constant for the remainder of the study. BCF values were calculated to be 21 -35. Following removal from the test water, elimination was rapid with a BH (biological half-life) value of 1.25 hours. Levels were below the lod at 24 hours.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

Not given

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 305 C (Bioaccumulation: Test for the Degree of Bioconcentration in Fish)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The study was performed according to Japanese Industrial Standards.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
Not relevant

Radiolabelling:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Test water analysis: Twice a Week
Test fish analysis: Every Two Weeks
Control fish analysis: Before the initiation and the termination of exposure

Vehicle:

not specified

Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:

Underground water pumped up from the ground of Kurume Research Laboratories

Test organisms (species):

Cyprinus carpio

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Carp
- Source: Sugishima Fish Farm Japan
- Length at study initiation (lenght definition, mean, range and SD): about 10 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): about 30 g
- Health status: At reception, fish showing visible abnormal signs were removed. Then fish were reared according to flow through system for 1-2 months after external disinfection. External disinfection was performed according to static condition for 24 hours in an aqueous solution containing 50 mg/L Terramycin (Taito Pfizer) and 7 g/L sodium chloride.
- Description of housing/holding area:
- Feeding during test
- Food type: Pelleted feed for carp
- Amount: Amount corresponding to about 2 % of the total body weight of test fish was fed twice a day by halves.



ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 28 days
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Fish were reared in an acclimation tank according to flow through system at temperature of 25 ± 2 °C.
- Type and amount of food: Pelleted feed for carp
- Feeding frequency: Amount corresponding to about 2 % of the total body weight of test fish was fed twice a day by halves. On the day of fish sampling feed was not supplied.
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Fish were reared in an acclimation tank according to flow through system at temperature of 25 ± 2 °C. During the period, abnormal fish were removed.

Route of exposure:

aqueous

Test type:

semi-static

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Total exposure / uptake duration:

>= 6 - <= 8 wk

Hardness:

No data supplied

Test temperature:

Temperature controlled test water was supplied continuously into the flow through system (Aquatron) at 25 ± 2 °C.

pH:

No data supplied

Dissolved oxygen:

6 - 8 mg/L

TOC:

No data supplied

Salinity:

No data supplied

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): Glass tank
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 liters
- Aeration: A rate of 200-800 mL/min of test water was supplied.
- No. of organisms per vessel: 15 - 18 fish/Level

Nominal and measured concentrations:

6 ug/L and 60 ug/L

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Details on estimation of bioconcentration:

BCF was calculated by comparison of the level of the substance in the fish and in the water

Lipid content:

3.3 other: % average

Time point:

end of exposure

Type:

BCF

Value:

>= 6.9 - <= 20

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Remarks on result:

other: 6 weeks

Remarks:

Conc.in environment / dose:6 ug/l

Type:

BCF

Value:

> 5.5 - <= 10

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Remarks on result:

other: 6 weeks

Remarks:

Conc.in environment / dose:60 ug/l

Details on kinetic parameters:

No data supplied

Metabolites:

No data supplied

Results with reference substance (positive control):

No data supplied

Details on results:

No data supplied

Reported statistics:

BCF = (concentration of test substance in fish)/ (concentration of test substance in water)

BCF values for fish of 6.9 -20 were calculated for the substance at a concentration of 6 ug/L in water; BCF values of 5.5 -10 were calculated for a concentration in water of 60 ug/L.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

BCF values for fish of 6.9 -20 were calculated for the substance at a concentration of 6 ug/L in water; BCF values of 5.5 -10 were calculated for a concentration in water of 60 ug/L.

Executive summary:

The bioaccumulation of the substance from water was investigated in carp over a period of 6 -8 weeks. BCF values for fish of 6.9 -20 were calculated for the substance at a concentration of 6 ug/L in water; BCF values of 5.5 -10 were calculated for a concentration in water of 60 ug/L.

Description of key information

Two studies are available. Sasaki et al, 1982 determined BCF values in the range of 21-35 in Killifish and CITI, 1992 reported BCF values in the range of 5.5-20 in carp (6-8 weeks). The worst case approach (highest BCF of 35) was used to choose the key value for chemical safety assessment.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

BCF (aquatic species):

35 dimensionless

Additional information

The bioaccumulation of tributylphosphate was investigated in a continuous exposure system in Killifish (Sasaki et al, 1982). The test substance was taken up rapidly into the fish, reaching steady state within 24 hours. Levels remain constant for the remainder of the study. BCF values were calculated to be 21 -35. Following removal from the test water, elimination was rapid with a BH (biological half-life) value of 1.25 hours. Levels were below the LOD at 24 hours.

 

The bioaccumulation of the substance from water was investigated in carp over a period of 6 -8 weeks (CITI, 1992). BCF values for fish of 6.9 -20 were calculated for the substance at a concentration of 6 µg/L in water; BCF values of 5.5 -10 were calculated for a concentration in water of 60 µg/L.