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EC number: 233-828-8 | CAS number: 10377-66-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted on read-across material
- Remarks:
- Conducted to a reasonable scientific standard.
- Justification for type of information:
- See the read-across report attached in Section 13
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- other: Read-across target
Reference
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted on read-across material
- Justification for type of information:
- See the read-across report attached in Section 13
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Effect on growth
- Effect conc.:
- 10 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Duration:
- 20 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 20 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Settlement
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Comparative Study of the Effects of Metals on the Settlement of Crassostrea gigas
- Author:
- WatlingHR
- Year:
- 1 983
- Bibliographic source:
- Bull. Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 31, 344-351
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The effects of up to eight elements, including manganese, on C.gigas larval settlement and spat growth were investigated using a single larval culture for each comparative test. The metal concentrations were chosen in the range to cause sub-lethal rather than lethal effects. Lethal concentrations (LC50; causing 50% mortality in a specified period) were not determined except where they occurred in the selected concentration range. Experimental observations included growth and behaviour in addition to mortality.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Mn2+
- IUPAC Name:
- Mn2+
- Details on test material:
- Form of the test substance: Mn2+
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 10 and 20 µg/l of Mn2+.
- Sampling method: Samples from each treatment were collected at selected intervals and behaviour and structure examined.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Treatments, 10 and 20 µg/l of Mn2+ prepared in triplicate, were continued throughout the 20-day experiment.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- other aquatic mollusc: Crassostrea gigas
- Details on test organisms:
- C. gigas larvae and spat were obtained from hatchery stock cultures . Hatchery procedure included the sieving of larvae and spat through nylon screens of selected mesh sizes. Thus the range of individual sizes was restricted at the beginning of each experiment. Samples from each treatment were collected at selected intervals and behaviour and structure examined. Measurements made included width across the value for larvae and length of spat.
Larvae were encouraged to settle on discs of black PVC placed in the bottom of each beaker. These discs were slightly arched so that both upper and lower surfaces were available for settlement. The number of larvae settling on the black discs in each beaker was counted but spat were not scraped off. Those which settled in the presence of metals were grown for an additional period in clean water.
Small clutchless-spat were suspended on a 400 µm nylon mesh; older spat were suspended on screens of larger mesh size. Samples were examined daily and measured at intervals during both the treatment and the succeeding period in clean sea water. Gaping individuals were removed. Spat in the size range tested may have been dead for up to two days before the shells gaped.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- saltwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 20 d
Test conditions
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 10 and 20 µg/l of Mn2+
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST MEDIUM
The experimental solutions were prepared to contain a combination of the flagellates Monochrysis lutherii, Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros calcitrans and Tetraselmis chui to give a final combined concentration of 150 cells/µl.
The algal mix was supplied daily from the hatchery.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
Growth and settlement.
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: effect on growth
- Effect conc.:
- 10 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Duration:
- 20 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 20 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Settlement
- Details on results:
- Settlement was plotted on a daily basis and settlement patterns for zinc, cadmium and copper illustrated three possible effects:
a) Maximum settlement delayed with respect to that in the control (zinc, also lead).
b) Maximum settlement coincident with that in the control (cadmium, also MANGANESE, nickel and chromium).
c) Maximum settlement occurring earlier than that in the control (20 µg/l copper, also 20 µg/l cobalt).
The only element which appeared to promote metamorphosis and settlement was copper, for which 80 and 95% of the larvae settled in the 10 and 20 µg/l treatments respectively, compared with 72% in the controls and 68% in the presence of manganese. All other elements tested caused a significant decrease in the total numbers of larvae settling (between 35-45%).
The effects of manganese on 51-day old clutchless C. gigas spat were recorded (see table 1).
All the metals which were tested caused a reduction in growth during the 14-day treatment period. However, recovery was such that individuals in all treatments were approximately the same size as those in the controls after a further 14 days in clean sea water.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1:
Growth and recovery of 51 -day old clutchless spat (mean length 3.7 mm) exposed to eight elements (results as mean spat length (mm)).
Treatment |
After 14 days treatment |
After further 14 days in clean water |
Control |
6.3 |
8.2 |
Control |
6.2 |
8.2 |
Mn 10 µg/l |
5.2 |
7.9 |
Mn 20 µg/l |
5.4 |
7.6 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Mn2+was determined not to be detrimental to C. gigas settlement success. Manganese caused a reduction in spat growth during exposure in the metal exposure in the 10-20 μg/l range.
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