2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Short description of key information on bioaccumulation potential result: 
Dimethylolpropionic acid is likely to be rapidly and extensively absorbed following oral and dermal exposure, with absorption following dermal exposure likely to be less extensive and more prolonged.  Extensive distribution in body fluids is predicted. Dimethylolpropionic acid is likely to be metabolised by sequential oxidation of the hydroxy groups and excreted rapidly in the urine.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Bioaccumulation potential:

no bioaccumulation potential

Additional information

No data are available, however it can be predicted that Bis-MPA (dimethylolpropionic acid) will be rapidly and extensively absorbed following oral and dermal exposure, with absorption following dermal exposure likely to be less extensive and more prolonged. Extensive distribution in body fluids is predicted. Bis-MPA is likely to be metabolised by sequential oxidation of the hydroxy groups and excreted rapidly in the urine. Rapid renal excretion is likely and no bioaccumulation is predicted.

An adequate assessment of the basic toxicokinetics of Dimethylolpropionic acid can be made from the exisiting toxicity data and theoretical considerations, without the need for specific testing.

Absorption

Extensive oral absorption of Dimethylolpropionic acid is predicted based on its molecular size, solubility, chemical structure and on the basis of experience with other alcohols. The Dimethylolpropionic acid molecule addtionally satisifies Lipinski's rule of 5 (OECD QSAR Toolbox). Oral absorption is demonstrated by the findings of the acute oral toxicity study and systemic effects in the 90-day oral study. Absorption following inhalation exposure is also likely to be extensive. although significant inhalation exposure is not predicted. Dermal absorption is likely to be less extensive than oral absorption, but is likely to occur to some extent. The results of the acute dermal toxicity study support this theory.

Distribution

No data are available, however rapid and extensive distribition can be predicted based on the knowledge of other alcohols.

Metabolism

Sequential oxidative metabolism of the hydroxy groups is predicted, based on known metabolic reactions and the elucidated pathways for other alcohol compounds.

Excretion

Rapid and extensive renal excretion of Dimethylolpropionic acid and its metabolites is likely, with no potential for bioaccumulation based on chemical properties and also on the low toxicity seen in the 90-day study.