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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Environmental fate & pathways

Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour

Administrative data

Endpoint:
additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
other information
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Data source

Referenceopen allclose all

Title:
Kinetics and equilibrium in the ammonolysis of substituted phthalimides
Author:
McClelland RA, Seaman NE, Duff JM, and Branston RE
Year:
1985
Bibliographic source:
Can. J. Chem. 63, 121-128.
Title:
Test on bioaccumulation with Cyprinus carpio. Report No. 50741.
Author:
MITI (Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Japan)
Year:
1993

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:
Kinetic studies for the hydrolysis and ammynolysis of phthalimide.
GLP compliance:
not specified

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
Phthalimide
EC Number:
201-603-3
EC Name:
Phthalimide
Cas Number:
85-41-6
Molecular formula:
C8H5NO2
IUPAC Name:
1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione

Results and discussion

Any other information on results incl. tables

The hydrolysis kinetics require two mechanisms, one which is first order in neutral imide and first order in hydroxide ion, and a second, which is important only in quite concentrated NaOH, which is first order in neutral phthalimide and second order in hydroxide ion.
The ammonolysis is reversible. The phthalamide hydrolyzes to the phthalamic acid via cyclization to an intermediate phthalimide, which is detected in concentrated base where its formation from phthalamide is more rapid than its subsequent hydrolysis.

Applicant's summary and conclusion