Kerosine (Fischer-Tropsch), full-range, C8-16-branched and linear

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Description of key information

- (21d) NOELR for freshwater invertebrates (D. magna): 32 mg/L [OECD 211; test mat. 'Kerosine (Fischer-Tropsch), narrow-cut, C8-13, branched and linear' (WAFs) (nominal) based on: survival and reproduction]
- (21d) NOELR for freshwater invertebrates (D. magna): 32 mg/L [OECD 211; test mat. 'Distillates (Fischer-Tropsch), C8-C26, branched and linear'(WAFs) (nominal) based on: survival and reproduction]

Additional information

A Daphnia reproduction study was conducted with the freshwater species Daphnia magna for the related substance Kerosine (Fischer-Tropsch), narrow-cut, C8-13, branched and linear (Goodband and Mullee, 2012c). The test was conducted in accordance with OECD 211 and was compliant with GLP.

Daphnia magna were exposed to water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of the test material overa a range of nomimal loading rates of 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/l for a period of 21 days under semi-static test conditions. The test was conducted using completely full and sealed test vessels to minimise the potential for volatile losses.

The Lowest Observed Effect Loading Rate (LOELR) was considered to be 100 mg/l on the basis that at this loading rate significantly fewer live young per adult (P<0.05) were produced when compared to the control.

The No Observed Effect Loading Rate (NOELR) was considered to be 32 mg/l on the basis that at this loading rate there were no significant mortalities (immobilisation) observed in the parental generation (P₁) and that there were no significant differences (P>=0.05) between the control and the 32 mg/l loading rate WAF test group in terms of numbers of live young produced per adult by Day 21.

The test sample contained a mixture of linear and branched alkanes and chemical analysis was therefore performed by monitoring concentrations of specific n-alkane constituents (n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane, n-undecane, n-dodecane, n-tridecane and n-tetradecane) by headspace gas chromatography (flame ionisation detector) using external standards. Measured concentrations of these representative constituents were below or close to the limit of quantitation in both fresh and old media on days 0, 2, 5, 7, 9, 12, 14, 16, 19 and 21.

A Daphnia reproduction study has also been conducted with the freshwater species Daphnia magna for the related substance GTL Gasoil (Goodband, 2011b). The test was conducted in accordance with OECD 211 and was compliant with GLP.

Daphnia magna were exposed to water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of the test material over a range of nominal loading rates of 10, 32 and 100 mg/l for a period of 21 days under semi-static test conditions. The test was conducted using completely full test vessels which were covered to minimise any potential for volatile losses.

The Lowest Observed Effect Loading Rate (LOELR) was considered to be 100 mg/l on the basis that at this loading rate, although no significant differences (P>=0.05) were observed between the control and the 100 mg/l loading rate WAF test group in terms of numbers of live young produced per adult by Day 21, significant mortalities (immobilisation) were observed in the parental generation (P₁).

The No Observed Effect Loading Rate (NOELR) was considered to be 32 mg/l on the basis that at this loading rate there were no significant mortalities (immobilisation) observed in the parental generation (P₁) and that there were no significant differences (P>=0.05) between the control and the 32 mg/l loading rate WAF test group in terms of numbers of live young produced per adult by Day 21.

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis of the freshly prepared test preparations showed amount of carbon present within the 10, 32 and 100 mg/l loading rate WAF test vessels to range from less than the limit of quantitation (LOQ) for the method (1.0 mg carbon C/l) to 8.91 mg C/l. TOC analysis of the old test media showed amount of carbon present to range from less than the LOQ to 1.84 mg C/l. 

Table: Overview of long-term effects on aquatic invertebrates

Method	Results	Remarks	Reference
Daphnia magna freshwater semi-static OECD Test Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna, Reproduction Test)	NOELR (21 d): 32 mg/l (test mat. (WAFs) (nominal) based on: survival and reproduction	1 (reliable without restriction) key study read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate) Test material (EC name):Kerosine (Fischer-Tropsch), narrow-cut, C8-13, branched and linear	Goodband and Mullee (2012c)
Daphnia magna freshwater semi-static OECD Test Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna, Reproduction Test)	NOELR (21 d): 32 mg/l (test mat. (WAFs) (nominal) based on: survival and reproduction	1 (reliable without restriction) key study read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate) Test material (EC name): GTL Gasoil (Distillates (Fischer-Tropsch), C8-C26, branched and linear)	Goodband (2011b)

The following information is taken into account for long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates: (21-d) NOELR 32 mg/l D. magna (reliability 1), read-across from narrow-cut kerosine.

Value used for CSA: NOELR for freshwater invertebrates: 32 mg/l.