Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
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EC number: 266-340-9 | CAS number: 66402-68-4 This category encompasses the various chemical substances manufactured in the production of ceramics. For purposes of this category, a ceramic is defined as a crystalline or partially crystalline, inorganic, non-metallic, usually opaque substance consisting principally of combinations of inorganic oxides of aluminum, calcium, chromium, iron, magnesium, silicon, titanium, or zirconium which conventionally is formed first by fusion or sintering at very high temperatures, then by cooling, generally resulting in a rigid, brittle monophase or multiphase structure. (Those ceramics which are produced by heating inorganic glass, thereby changing its physical structure from amorphous to crystalline but not its chemical identity are not included in this definition.) This category consists of chemical substances other than by-products or impurities which are formed during the production of various ceramics and concurrently incorporated into a ceramic mixture. Its composition may contain any one or a combination of these substances. Trace amounts of oxides and other substances may be present. The following representative elements are principally present as oxides but may also be present as borides, carbides, chlorides, fluorides, nitrides, silicides, or sulfides in multiple oxidation states, or in more complex compounds.@Aluminum@Lithium@Barium@Magnesium@Beryllium@Manganese@Boron@Phosphorus@Cadmium@Potassium@Calcium@Silicon@Carbon@Sodium@Cerium@Thorium@Cesium@Tin@Chromium@Titanium@Cobalt@Uranium@Copper@Yttrium@Hafnium@Zinc@Iron@Zirconium
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
There are no studies available for “Reaction product of thermal process between 1000°C and 2000°C of mainly aluminium oxide and calcium oxide based raw materials with at least CaO+Al2O3 >80% , in which aluminium oxide and calcium oxide in varying amounts are combined in various proportions into a multiphase crystalline matrix”. As this substance is an UVCB substance with aluminium oxide (AL2O3) and calcium oxide (CaO) as main constituents, justification and data based on both main components were taken into account.
Aluminium compounds:
In general, metals do not biomagnify unless they are present as, or having the potential to be, in an organic form (e.g. methylmercury). Organometals tend to be lipid soluble, are not metabolized, and are efficiently assimilated upon dietborne exposure. The available evidence shows the absence of aluminium biomagnification across trophic levels both in the aquatic and terrestrial food chains. The existing information suggests not only that aluminium does not biomagnify, but rather that it tends to exhibit biodilution at higher trophic levels in the food chain. More detailed information can be found in the attached document (White paper on waiving for secondary poisoning for Al & Fe compounds final report 25-01-2010. pdf). BCFs for Aluminium can be found to range from quite low (~100) to quite high values (11,000 – see attached pdf on White paper for waiving secondary poisoning for iron and Aluminium). This variance can in large part be explained by the difference in exposure conditions for the various studies. The inverse relationship between water and BCF/BAF values limits the ability to describe hazard as a result of the size of the BCF, i.e., the most pristine ecosystems have the highest BCFs. A better approach is to directly assess the concentrations of Al at various trophic levels in the ecosystem.
Herrmann and Frick (1995) studied the accumulation of aluminium at low pH conditions in benthic invertebrates with time and representing different functional feeding groups (predators and detritus feeders). Invertebrates of different taxa and feeding type were collected in springtime, when acidity and Al levels mostly increase from seven streams in southern. Four of the streams typically had pH values of 4 - 4.5 and contained 0.40 - 0.70 mg inorganic Al/L. The other three streams showed pH values around 6 and Al concentrations of 0.05 mg inorganic Al/l. For most taxa that could be compared, the animals from the most acidic streams (pH 4) contained more Al than those from the less acid streams (pH 6). At both pH levels there was a clear tendency that predators contained significantly less amounts of aluminium than shredders. The latter results do not support the hypothesis that aluminium can be accumulated along a food chain in an acidic environment.
Calcium compounds:
Bioaccumulation is not relevant for calcium oxide. In the aquatic environment and in soil, exposure to calcium oxide actually comes down to exposure to calcium and hydroxyl ions. There will be no intake of calcium oxide as such from water or soil, nor will calcium oxide prevail under its original form in the organisms. Moreover, both the intake of the essential element calcium and the internal pH (hydroxyl ions) of an organism are actively regulated (homeostasis).
Based on the justification of both components, bioaccumulation is expected not to be relevant for the test substance.
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