Hydrocarbons, C5, ethylene-manuf.-by-product, hydrogenated

Toxicity to reproduction

Administrative data

Endpoint:

screening for reproductive / developmental toxicity

Remarks:

based on test type (migrated information)

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP compliant, guideline study, available as unpublished report, minor restrictions in design and/or reporting but otherwise adequate for assessment

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1992

Report date:

1992

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Penta-1,3-diene

EC Number:

207-995-2

EC Name:

Penta-1,3-diene

Cas Number:

504-60-9

IUPAC Name:

penta-1,3-diene

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

1,3-pentadiene

IUPAC Name:

1,3-pentadiene

Constituent 3

Reference substance name:

piperylene

IUPAC Name:

piperylene

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): 1,3 Pentadiene (MRD-91-935)
- Physical state: pale yellow liquid
- Analytical purity: 98% (assumed 100% for dosing)
- Lot/batch No.: 1
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Breeding Laboratories, Inc., Kingston Facility, Stone Ridge, New York, USA
- Age at study initiation: 69 days (males), 76 days (females)
- Weight at study initiation: 345-407 g (males), 223-262 g (females)
- Housing: Single housed during the test period, except during mating and post-parturition, in suspended stainless steel and wire mesh cages.
- Diet: Purina Certified Rodent Chow (5002 Meal), ad libitum. Manufacturer: Purina Mills, Inc., Richmond, Indiana, USA.
- Water: Mains water ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 13 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature: 68-76°F
- Humidity: 40-70%
- Air changes (per hr): Not reported
- Photoperiod: 12hrs dark / 12hrs light

IN-LIFE DATES: From: 16 September 1991 To: 12 November 1991

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

corn oil

Details on exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
The undiluted test material was thoroughly mixed with corn oil at the following concentrations to ensure a 5 mL/kg dose volume at all dose levels:
30 mg/kg = 0.6% (w/v); 100 mg/kg =2.0% (w/v); 1000 mg/kg = 20.0% (w/v). Dosing solutions were prepared every 2-5 days during the first 3 weeks of the study and weekly thereafter

Details on mating procedure:

P1 mating period began 2 weeks after pre-mating dosing and ended when all females had been confirmed mated or approximately 2 weeks had elapsed. Each P1 male was assigned randomly to be paired overnight for a maximum of 14 days with one P1 female of the same dose group to produce the F1 generation. Mating was confirmed on the following morning by the presence of a copulatory plug or sperm in a vaginal rinse. The day on which mating was confirmed was the female's Day 0 of gestation (GD 0). After confirmation of mating, each rat was placed in its own cage. On GD 20, mated females were placed in clean cages fitted with a stainless steel litter pan and fresh bedding material was provided. After GD 20, mated females were examined at least twice daily for signs of parturition.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Results of the stability analyses indicate that 1,3-pentadiene (MRD-91-935) in corn oil at 0.6% and 20% (w/v) was stable for up to 7 days at room temperature. Concentration analyses indicated that values were within 18% of the nominal target values. Good uniformity was demonstrated at the 0.6% and 20% (w/v) nominal concentrations.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

P1 animals were dosed daily for 2 weeks prior to mating and throughout the mating period for the F1 litter. P1 females additionally were dosed during gestation and until the day prior to euthanasia on or after postpartum Day (PPD) 4.

Frequency of treatment:

7 days/week

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
0, 30, 100, 1000 mg/kg day
Basis:
other: nominal in corn oil

No. of animals per sex per dose:

12

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: In a range-finding study rats were dosed with 0, 50, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. Treatment-related body weight gain suppression was seen. Therefore, the following dose levels were used: 30 mg/kg (anticipated to be the NOAEL), 100 and 1000 mg/kg.

Examinations

Parental animals: Observations and examinations:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: at least once daily

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule: Males - prior to prior to P1 selection, on the first day of dosing, and at least weekly thereafter until euthanasia. Females - prior to P1 selection, on the first day of dosing and at least weekly thereafter until mating was confirmed, then on GD 0, 7, 14, and 21 and on PPD 0 and 4.

FOOD CONSUMPTION: Yes
- Time schedule: P1 male on the first day of dosing and at least weekly thereafter, except during mating, until euthanized. Food consumption of P1 females on test Day 0 and at least weekly thereafter, except during mating, then on GD 0, 7, 14 and 21 and on PPD 0 and 4.

FOOD EFFICIENCY: No

WATER CONSUMPTION: No

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: At post mortem examination
- Animals fasted: Yes
- How many animals: All surviving P1 males
- Parameters examined: haematocrit, haemoglobin, erythrocyte count, leukocyte count (total and differential), platelet count, reticulocyte count (slides prepared but examined only if other RBC parameters abnormal), mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: At post mortem examination
- Animals fasted: Yes
- How many animals: All surviving P1 males
- Parameters examined: albumin, alkaline phosphatase, urea nitrogen, calcium, cholesterol, creatinine, electrolytes (Na+, Cl-, K+, CO2), gamma glutamyl transferase, glucose, phosphorus, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, total bilirubin, triglycerides

URINALYSIS: No

Litter observations:

Dams were allowed to give birth and duration of gestation calculated and any difficulties at parturition noted. The date of birth was recorded as postnatal Day 0 (PND 0). Twice daily during the postnatal period, litters were checked for dead offspring and unusual conditions. The dams were observed for viability, nesting behaviour, and nursing behaviour. Dead pups were removed from the litter immediately after they were discovered. If intact, dead pups were examined externally for anomalies and internally for gross visceral abnormalities, depending on the extent of autolysis. On PND 0 and 4, the number of offspring were counted, each live offspring sexed and examined externally for anomalies. Live pups were weighed, by sex, as a litter and mean pup weights by sex were calculated. Following PND 4 examinations, all pups were euthanized and discarded. Any Fl pups which died were subjected to an external examination, including the palate.

Postmortem examinations (parental animals):

Gross Pathology: All adult animals, including those that died spontaneously were examined by gross necropsy. The uterus of each female which failed to deliver a litter was examined for evidence of implantations. The number of implantation sites and corpora lutea were recorded at the time of necropsy for all dams with litters.

Organ weights: The following organs and tissues of all adult animals euthanized at study termination were weighed prior to fixation: liver, testes, thymus, kidneys, epididymides. Organ:body weight ratios were calculated.

Histopathology: The following tissues were examined from the controls and high dose animals only: brain, heart, spleen, kidneys, liver, adrenals, testes/epididymides, abnormal tissues. In addition, ovaries and thymus were fixed but not routinely processed. Ovaries from females which failed to complete pregnancy were examined histopathologically.

Postmortem examinations (offspring):

All Fl pups which died were subjected to an external examination, including the palate. All live Fl pups were sexed and examined externally and weighed on the day of euthanasia. Offspring were discarded without further examination.

Statistics:

mean body weights, food consumption, organ weights, relative organ weights and clinical laboratory findings: Bartlett's test of homogeneity of variance, followed by a standard one-way analysis of variance. If the ANOVA was significant, Dunnett's test was performed to determine which treated groups differed from the control. A linear regression to test for a dose response also was performed and tested for lack of fit to the regression. If the variances were not equivalent, then a Kruskal-Wallis (non-parametric) test was performed to determine if the treatment effects were equivalent. If there was a difference, Dunn's Summed Rank Test was used to determine which treatment groups differed from the control. Jonckheere's test for ordered response also was performed.
The following reproductive parameters were analyzed statistically for significant differences: mean male fertility index, mean male mating index, mean female fertility index, mean female fecundity index and mean gestational index. A standard chi-square analysis was performed to determine if the proportion of incidences differed between the groups. Each treatment group was then compared to each control group using a 2 x 2 Fisher Exact test. Armitage's test for linear trend in the dosage groups was performed. Pup weight was analyzed by a standard nested analysis of covariance with pups nested within dams and with dams nested within doses, and litter size (both sexes combined) as the covariate. If differences in groups were identified, the Least Significant Difference (LSD) technique was used to determine which groups differed from the control group. Male and female pups were tested separately (the covariate was combined sexes in each analysis). All tests were reported at the 5% or 1% level of significance.

Reproductive indices:

Male fertility index
Male mating index
Female fertility index
Female fecundity index
Mean gestation index

Offspring viability indices:

Survival index (to day 4)
Live born index

Results and discussion

Results: P0 (first parental generation)

General toxicity (P0)

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, treatment-related

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

no effects observed

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

no effects observed

Reproductive function / performance (P0)

Reproductive performance:

no effects observed

Details on results (P0)

CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY (PARENTAL ANIMALS): There were no apparent trends in male or female in-life observations which were associated with treatment with the test material. Mortality was limited to three high dose females which died spontaneously prior to mating; one of these deaths was due to a gavage accident.

BODY WEIGHT AND FOOD CONSUMPTION (PARENTAL ANIMALS): There were no biologically meaningful differences in mean body weights for either sex in treated groups when compared with controls at any interval during the study, including gestation and the postpartum period. A statistically significant decrease in mean food consumption was observed in high dose females on test Day 7 compared with that in controls.

REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE (PARENTAL ANIMALS): There were no statistically significant differences between treated groups and controls for any reproduction parameter analyzed.

ORGAN WEIGHTS (PARENTAL ANIMALS): Mean absolute and relative organ weights in treated groups of both sexes were comparable with controls

GROSS PATHOLOGY (PARENTAL ANIMALS): Postmortem abnormalities were limited to incidental findings which were considered unrelated to treatment with the test material

HISTOPATHOLOGY (PARENTAL ANIMALS): There were no treatment-related microscopic changes observed

Effect levels (P0)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Remarks:

reproduction

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Sex:

male/female

Results: F1 generation

General toxicity (F1)

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Mortality / viability:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Details on results (F1)

VIABILITY (OFFSPRING): Offspring survival indices for treated groups were comparable with controls.

CLINICAL SIGNS (OFFSPRING): The majority of offspring which survived to scheduled termination on postnatal Day 4 showed no abnormalities and had milk present during the postnatal period. Twelve high dose offspring from one litter were hypothermic on PND 0 but showed no abnormal signs on PND 1.

BODY WEIGHT (OFFSPRING): There was an increase in mean offspring body weights of both sexes between PND 0 and 4, with no statistically significant differences between control and treated groups. However, high dose male and female offspring had increased body weights when compared with controls on PND 0 and 4.

GROSS PATHOLOGY (OFFSPRING): The majority of offspring which died prior to scheduled termination were free of observable abnormalities (externally and/or internally) or were too autolyzed to be examined. One pup in the control group and two pups in the high dose group apparently were stillborn.

Effect levels (F1)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Generation:

F1

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Sex:

male/female

Overall reproductive toxicity

Reproductive effects observed:

not specified

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

In conclusion, treatment-related parental toxicity was limited to a transient decrease in food consumption in high dose (1000 mg/kg/day) females. No other treatment-related effects were observed in the parents or their offspring. The reproductive and offspring NOAELs for MRD-91-935 (1,3-pentadiene) were 1000 mg/kg under the conditions of this study.

Executive summary:

In a combined repeat dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity screening study, treatment-related parental toxicity was limited to a transient decrease in food consumption in high dose (1000 mg/kg/day) females. No other treatment-related effects were observed in the parents or their offspring. The reproductive and offspring NOAELs for MRD-91-935 (1,3-pentadiene) were 1000 mg/kg under the conditions of this study.