Hexyl D-glucoside

Basic toxicokinetics

Administrative data

Endpoint:

basic toxicokinetics in vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Expert judgement is combined with experimental data.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

review article or handbook

Title:

Ecology and Toxicology of Alkyl Polyglycosides.

Author:

Willing, A. et al.

Year:

2004

Bibliographic source:

Handbook of Detergents, Part B: Environmental Impact, Uri Zoller (editor)

Materials and methods

Objective of study:

absorption

distribution

excretion

metabolism

Principles of method if other than guideline:

No guideline exists.

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Category of alkyl polyglycosides

IUPAC Name:

Category of alkyl polyglycosides

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): short-chain and long-chain alkyl-ß-glucosides

Radiolabelling:

yes

Test animals

Species:

mouse

Strain:

NMRI

Sex:

female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

no data

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

not specified

Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:

single exposure for 2 h

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
no data

No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:

no data

Control animals:

not specified

Details on dosing and sampling:

Relevant organs were radioanalyzed to determine specific organ distribution.

Results and discussion

Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies

Details on absorption:

No data on oral absorption but it is predicted to be high.

Details on distribution in tissues:

Stomach, intestines, liver, and kidney showed the highest levels of radioactivity for both compounds. Using simple extraction methods, it was shown that alkyl polyglycosides are readily cleaved into glucose and fatty alcohol, which is further oxidized to the corresponding fatty acid and partly incorporated in normal fat metabolism. Octyl-ß-D-[U-14C] glucosides were rapidly and almost completely transformed into hydrophilic metabolites during intestine and liver passage, whereas [1, 14C]-hexadecyl-ß-D-glucosides showed a much greater tendency toward lipophilic metabolism, resulting, e.g., in preferential identification in the liver of radiolabelled palmitoyl glycerides. These findings are underlined by the fact that ß-oxidation occurs more easily in medium-chain fatty acids than in long-chain fatty acids.

Details on excretion:

The hydrolysis of APGs as well as the oxidised metabolites are very polar and will be excreted rapidly via urine.

Metabolite characterisation studies

Metabolites identified:

not measured

Details on metabolites:

APGs will undergo hydrolysis. The resulting molecules, glucose and fatty alcohol, which is further oxidized to the corresponding fatty acid are incorporated in the citrus cycle and partly in normal fat metabolism, respectively.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information): no bioaccumulation potential based on study results
APGs are predicted to be bioavailable via the oral route.
APGs undergo stepwise hydrolysis into glucose and fatty alcohol, which is further oxidized to the corresponding fatty acid are incorporated in the citrus cycle and partly in normal fat metabolism, respectively.
Excretion is assumed to occur mainly via renal elimination. Tissue accumulation can be excluded.