Vanadium trichloride oxide

Toxicity to terrestrial plants

Administrative data

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study not performed according GLP, but well described and is close to the OECD 208 guideline

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Effect of vanadium on the growth of soybean seedlings

Author:

JF. Wang and Z. Liu

Year:

1999

Bibliographic source:

Plant and Soil 216: 47-51

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

effects of vanadium were observed on the growth of soybean seedlings (after 45 days) and on adsorption, in two different soils

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

V salt

IUPAC Name:

V salt

Test material form:

not specified

Details on test material:

no detail given

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Details on sampling:

The seedlings were harvested at 45 days after sowing, then dried, weighed, digested with HNO3-HClO4 and analysed for concentration in V and Mo.

Test substrate

Vehicle:

no

Details on preparation and application of test substrate:

seven vanadium concentrations were applied before potting and mixed carefully with the soils.

Test organisms

Species:

Glycine max (G. soja)

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Study design

Test type:

early seedling growth toxicity test

Study type:

laboratory study

Substrate type:

natural soil

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

45 d

Test conditions

Details on test conditions:

material: glasshouse experiment in pots containing 4 kg of soil, four seedlings per pot and each was replicated 3 times.

Soil samples:
- surface (depth 0-20 cm)
- air-dried and sieved to 2 mm.
1) fluvo-aquic soil (from Fenqiu County, Henan Province, China):
- pH = 8.2
- Organic matter = 7.2 g/kg
- clay = 200 g/kg
- total vanadium = 66.7 mg V/kg dw
2) red earth (Oxisol, derived from Q3 red sandstone, collected from Yingtan County, Jiangxi Province, China):
- pH = 5.8
- Organic matter = 12 g/kg
- clay = 320 g/kg
- total vanadium = 35 mg V/kg dw

Each pot was placed on a plastic saucer and watering with 400 mL deionized waters per day.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

nominal: 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 50 and 75 mg V/kg soil

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Species:

Glycine max (G. soja)

Duration:

45 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

30 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

vanadium

Basis for effect:

other: shoot and roots dry matter yield

Remarks on result:

other: in fluvo-aquic soil, result for added vanadium

Effect concentrations 2

Species:

Glycine max (G. soja)

Duration:

45 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 75 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

vanadium

Basis for effect:

other: roots and shoots dry matter yield

Remarks on result:

other: in red earth soil, result for added vanadium

Details on results:

Effects on vanadium on the growth of soybean seedlings were dependant on the soil type.
In fluvo-aquic soil, when V concentration exceeded 30 mg/kg added vanadium, the growth of seedlings were stunted with yellow and withered foliage, the roots were short and showing signs of senescence.
In the Oxisol, the growth of seedlings appeared normal at all levels.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Least Significance Difference (LSD) determined at 1 and 5%

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Executive summary:

Effects on vanadium on the growth of soybean seedlings were studied in two soils during 45 days.

These effects were shown to be dependant on the soil type:

In fluvo-aquic soil, when V concentration exceeded 30 mg/kg added vanadium, the growth of seedlings were stunted with yellow and withered foliage, the roots were short and showing signs of senescence. The derived NOEC for this type of soil is found to be 97 mg/kg soil dw (67 mg V baseground in the soil+ 30 mg added).

The RIVM, in report 601501029/2005 ; Environmental Risk Limits for Nine Trace Elements, recalculated the EC10, after fitting a logistic through the data using a non linear regression. This EC10 was found to be 25 mg added vanadium / kg soil dw.

In the Oxisol, the growth of seedlings appeared normal at all levels.

At pH 5 -9, the Oxisol had a higher adsorption capacity (large amount of Fe and total Mn, resulting in different complexes) than fluvo-aquic soil had. The authors concluded that might explain the differences of vanadium bioavailabilty and then toxicity in the two different soils.