Vanadium trichloride oxide

Long-term toxicity to fish

Administrative data

Endpoint:

fish life cycle toxicity

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: No guideline followed, but study well described, which is longer than required in guidelines for long term toxicity to fish, more parameters taking into account.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Chronic Toxicity of Vanadium to Flagfish

Author:

D.A. Holdway and J.B. Sprague

Year:

1979

Bibliographic source:

Water Research vol 13: 905-910.

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Flagfish exposed to 4 vanadium concentrations up to 96 days; mortality, growth, reproduction and abnormalities were assessed, and for 2 generations

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

vanadium pentoxide V2O5

IUPAC Name:

vanadium pentoxide V2O5

Test material form:

not specified

Details on test material:

No details

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
V2O5
RNCAS: 1314-62-1
MW 181.9

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

Test-water:
Total alkalinity: 230 mg/L as CaCO3
Ca: 64 mg/L
Mg: 50 mg/L
Na: 46 mg/L
K: 7,8 mg/L
Fe: 0,011 mg/L
Zn: 0.08 mg/L
Pb: 0,002 mg/L
Cu: 0,001 mg/L
Ni: 0,0002 mg/L
Cd < 0,0001 mg/L
Va < 0,001 mg/L

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Jordanella floridae

Details on test organisms:

The exposure started with one-week-old larvae and continued for 3.2 months.

Study design

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 d

Test conditions

Hardness:

347 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

25.4°C

pH:

8.15

Dissolved oxygen:

7.4 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0, 0.041, 0.17, 0.48 and 1.5 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Aeration and controlled temperature
- Type of flow-through: diluter
- Renewal rate of test solution/flow rate: 120L/day
- 15 fish per tank vessel and conentration
- Photoperiod: 16h day light and 8h dark
- Light intensity: 20-40 lux

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
Mortality, growth and abnormalities were assessed at 28 days
Daily counts of number of eggs laid were made from 71 to 95 days of exposure.
Hatchability of eggs was assessed on 20-30 eggs collected from each tank on the first four successive days of spawning that yielded 20 or more eggs.
Mortality, growth and abnormalities among the second generation were assessed on 30-60 larvae pooled from each concentration, during the 30 days following hatching.
Growth was determined using three measurements: total length, wet weight and dry weight after 24h at 105°C.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

1.88 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

vanadium

Basis for effect:

other: larval mortality

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 0.48 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

weight

Effect concentrations 3

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.17 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

mortality

Effect concentrations 4

Duration:

70 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 0.48 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

weight

Effect concentrations 5

Duration:

96 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

weight

Effect concentrations 6

Duration:

30 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.041 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

weight

Remarks:

second generation

Effect concentrations 7

Duration:

96 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Reported statistics and error estimates:

NOEC values were calculated by Duncan's New Multiple-ERange test or Dunnett's test to distinguish differences between means.
Lethal concentrations were estimated by probit analysis.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Executive summary:

Flagfish Jordanella floridae were exposed to 4 vanadium concentrations up to 96 days; 0.041, 0.17, 0.48 and 1.5 mg/L under flowthrough conditions. Mortality, size, reproduction and abnormalities were assessed, for 2 generations.

The first 0.041 mg/L concentration was found to increase the average dry weights of all generations of flagfish. The NOEC for weight of first generation was defined to be 0.48 mg/L, and 0.17 mg/L for mortality.

The reproductive performances were not affected by exposure to vanadium.

The only deleterious effect was a decrease in dry weight of second generation larvae, from 0.17 mg/L. The authors considered that the sublethal treshold for toxicity of vanadium would approximate the geometric average of 0.17 and 0.041 mg/L, which is 0.08 mg/L.