Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
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The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
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EC number: 266-340-9 | CAS number: 66402-68-4 This category encompasses the various chemical substances manufactured in the production of ceramics. For purposes of this category, a ceramic is defined as a crystalline or partially crystalline, inorganic, non-metallic, usually opaque substance consisting principally of combinations of inorganic oxides of aluminum, calcium, chromium, iron, magnesium, silicon, titanium, or zirconium which conventionally is formed first by fusion or sintering at very high temperatures, then by cooling, generally resulting in a rigid, brittle monophase or multiphase structure. (Those ceramics which are produced by heating inorganic glass, thereby changing its physical structure from amorphous to crystalline but not its chemical identity are not included in this definition.) This category consists of chemical substances other than by-products or impurities which are formed during the production of various ceramics and concurrently incorporated into a ceramic mixture. Its composition may contain any one or a combination of these substances. Trace amounts of oxides and other substances may be present. The following representative elements are principally present as oxides but may also be present as borides, carbides, chlorides, fluorides, nitrides, silicides, or sulfides in multiple oxidation states, or in more complex compounds.@Aluminum@Lithium@Barium@Magnesium@Beryllium@Manganese@Boron@Phosphorus@Cadmium@Potassium@Calcium@Silicon@Carbon@Sodium@Cerium@Thorium@Cesium@Tin@Chromium@Titanium@Cobalt@Uranium@Copper@Yttrium@Hafnium@Zinc@Iron@Zirconium
Additional toxicological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional toxicological information
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- no data available
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well documented paper on the influence of lead-calcium interactions during pregnancy on foetal development.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Effects of lead exposure before pregnancy and dietary calcium during pregnancy on fetal development and lead accumulation
- Author:
- Han, S.; et al.
- Year:
- 2 000
- Bibliographic source:
- Environ. Health Perspec. 108, 527-531
Materials and methods
- Type of study / information:
- Study on lead-calcium interactions during pregnancy and potential influence on foetal development.
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Examination of the effects of lead exposure of female rats at an early age on fetal development during a subsequent pregancy.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Lead acetate
- EC Number:
- 239-379-4
- EC Name:
- Lead acetate
- Cas Number:
- 15347-57-6
- IUPAC Name:
- lead(4+) tetraacetate
- Reference substance name:
- Calcium
- EC Number:
- 231-179-5
- EC Name:
- Calcium
- Cas Number:
- 7440-70-2
- IUPAC Name:
- calcium
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Lead acetate
- Physical state: solid
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Calcium in diet
- Calcium source not further specified
No further details are given.
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
A total of 345 pups were delivered alive.
Lead-exposed dams and their pups had significantly higher blood lead concentrations than controls, but the concentrations were in the range of those found in many pregnant women.
Pups born to dams fed the calcium-deficient diet during pregnancy had higher blood and organ lead concentrations than pups born to dams fed the 0.5 % calcium diet.
Pups bom to lead-exposed dams had sigificantly (p < 0.0001) lower mean birth weights and birth length than controls.
There were sigificant inverse univariate associations between dam or pup organ lead concentrations and birth weight or length. The 0.5 % calcium diet did not increase in utero growth. Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that greater litter size and female sex were significanty associated with reduced pup birth weight and length. However, lead exposure that ended well before pregnancy was significantly (p < 0.0001) associated with reduced birth weight and length, even after litter size, pup sex, and dam weight gain during pregnancy were included in the regression analysis.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The data demonstrate that an increase in dietary calcium during pregnancy can reduce foetal lead accumulation but cannot prevent lead-induced decreases in birth weight and length. The results provide evidence that dietary nutrients can influence the transfer of toxins to the foetus during pregnancy. If these results are applicable to women, an increase in dietary calcium during pregnancy could reduce the transfer of lead from prepregancy maternal exposures to the foetus.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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