3,3'-thiodi(propionic acid)

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Take a 0.75 mL sample of test liquid from each test container at the start of exposure and after 24 hours (before changing the water), and after acetonitrile was equally added and stirred into this, it was analyzed using HPLC.
The test material concentration of each test liquid was quantified from the ratio with the standard solution peak area to find the geometric mean.

Test organisms (species):

Oryzias latipes

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Himedaka (Japanese name)
- Source: Reared in-house
- Age at study initiation: Approximately 6 months from hatching
- Length at study initiation: Average 1.55 cm (1.50 to 1.86 cm), n = 10
- Weight at study initiation: Average 0.054 g (0.035 to 0.135 g), n = 10
- Feeding during test: no feeding from 24 hours before the start of exposure

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: January 28, 2004 to April 5, 2004
- Type and amount of food: Approx. 2% of fish body weight/day
- Health during acclimation: The morality rate 7 days prior to the start of exposure was under 5%, and grossly healthy and normal specimens were used for the test

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

59 mg CaCO3/L

Test temperature:

24±1ºC

pH:

The test liquid pH was not adjusted: Control 6.8-7.5; container with test substance: 4.7-4.9

Dissolved oxygen:

A saturated concentration of 60% or more was maintained (no aeration)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Control + 100 mg/L (nominal)
median measured concentration: 99.1 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type: closed (the water surface was covered with a lid made of Teflon sheet)
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 5 L glass container
- Aeration: No
- Renewal rate of test solution: Test liquid is completely replaced every 24 hours
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates):1


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: For the dilution water, Yokohama City tap water was processed with activated charcoal to remove the residual chlorine, etc., and the water was sufficiently aerated, so dechlorinated tap water controlled at a temperature of 24 ± 2ºC was used. It was confirmed that there was not residual chlorine at the time of use. It was determined that the water quality was suitable as water for raising fish.
- Metals: lead: < 0.01 mg/L; mercury: < 0.0001 mg/L; Cadmium < 0.001 mg/L; Arsenic <0.005 mg/L; Chromium < 0.005 mg/L; Copper < 0.001 mg/L; Zinc 0.01 mg/L; Aluminium 0.05 mg/L; Tin <0.1 mg/L; Iron < 0.1 mg/L; Nickel <0.01 mg/L
- Chlorine: free chlorine < 0.02 mg/L
- Alkalinity: 44 mg/L
- Conductivity: 156 µS/cm
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: once a day


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 hours
- Light intensity: 1000 lux or less


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality, abnormal mobility, abnormal breathing, immobility


TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 10, 32, 100 mg/L

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 99.1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 99.1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 99.1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 99.1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

- One fish of the test substance group died within 24h (10% mortality) (see table 2)
- pH in group with test substance was with 4.7-4.9 very low over the whole test (see table 3)
- Behavioural abnormalities: No abnormal signs were observed in the surviving fish in the control group during the exposure period. Abnormal mobility (languid movement) was observed in the 100 mg/L concentration group.
- Mortality of control: none

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Table 1: Measured Concentrations of the Test Substance in Test Water (Semi-Static Condition)

Nominal Concentration (mg/L)	Measured Concentration (mg/L) (Percent of Nominal)		Mean^aMeasured Concentration (mg/L)
	0 Hour (new)	24 Hours (old)
Control	< 0.08	< 0.08	----
100	103 (103)	95.3 (95)	99.1 (99)

 

 

Table 2: Mortality of the Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Exposed to the Test Substance

Nominal Concentration (mg/L)	Mean^aMeasured Concentration (mg/L)	Cumulative Mortality (Percent Mortality)
		24 Hours	48 Hours	72 Hours	96 Hours
Control	------	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
100	99.1	1 (10)	1 (10)	1 (10)	1 (10)

a: geometric mean

 

 

Table 3: pH Values

Nominal Concentration (mg/L)	Mean^aMeasured Concentration (mg/L)	pH
		0 Hour	24 Hours		48 Hours		72 Hours		96 Hours
		new	old	new	old	new	old	new	old
Control	------	7.5	6.9	7.2	7.3	7.2	6.8	7.2	7.2
100	99.1	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.7	4.7	4.8

a: geometric mean

new: freshly prepared test solutions

old: test solutions after 24 hours exposure

 

Table 4: Temperature

Nominal Concentration (mg/L)	Mean^aMeasured Concentration (mg/L)	Temperature (°C)
		0 Hour	24 Hours		48 Hours		72 Hours		96 Hours
		new	old	new	old	new	old	new	old
Control	------	23.4	23.7	23.7	23.8	23.8	23.7	23.8	23.8
100	99.1	23.3	23.8	23.3	23.8	23.4	23.8	23.5	23.7

a: geometric mean

new: freshly prepared test solutions

old: test solutions after 24 hours exposure

 

 

Table 5: Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations

Nominal Concentration (mg/L)	Mean^aMeasured Concentration (mg/L)	Dissolved Oxygen Concentration (mg/L)
		0 Hour	24 Hours		48 Hours		72 Hours		96 Hours
		new	old	new	old	new	old	new	old
Control	------	8.3	7.3	8.5	7.5	8.3	7.5	8.4	7.4
100	99.1	8.3	7.1	8.5	7.5	8.4	7.6	8.5	7.6

a: geometric mean

new: freshly prepared test solutions

old: test solutions after 24 hours exposure

Description of key information

LC50 (96h) > 100 mg/L

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

100 mg/L

Additional information

The semi-static limit test with freshwater fish (Oryzias latipes) over 96 hours was conducted according to OECD guideline 203 and observed no mortality at the tested concentration of 100 mg/L. The LC50 (96h) is > 100 mg/L (nominal concentration) and > 99.1 mg/L based on the geometrical mean of measured concentrations. Thus, only a low toxicity of the test substance to fish is expected.