Dodecylbenzenesulphonic acid

Toxicity to birds

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to birds: reproduction test

Type of information:

other: published data

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Ten month old Leghorn chicken hens were given a dosage of 200 mg/kg in drinking water for 45 days. Four groups of six hens were used in the treatment group, with an additional six hens used as a control group.

GLP compliance:

no

Dose method:

drinking water

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

yes

Test organisms (species):

other: Chicken (Leghorn hens)

Details on test organisms:

Chicken (Leghorn hens)

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration (if not single dose):

45 d

No. of animals per sex per dose and/or stage:

Four groups of six hens were used in the treatment group, with an additional six hens used as a control group.

Control animals:

yes

Nominal and measured doses / concentrations:

Ten month old Leghorn chicken hens were given a dosage of 200 mg/kg in drinking water for 45 days

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration (if not single dose):

45 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect level:

200 mg/kg diet

Conc. / dose based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks:

egg quality

Duration (if not single dose):

45 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEL

Effect level:

25 mg/kg bw/day

Conc. / dose based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks:

egg quality

While this is a non-standard study, it does indicate that up to 200 mg/kg in the drinking water does not adversely affect hens or egg laying

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

NOEC = 200 mg/kg diet
Based on the study No mortality or adverse effects on egg quality occurred at 200 mg/kg.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to birds: dietary toxicity test

Type of information:

other: published data

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 223 (Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Test)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Dose method:

gavage

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

yes

Test organisms (species):

Colinus virginianus

Details on test organisms:

Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite Quail). The organism(s) (age: 26 wk and organism characteristics of: 26WKS)

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Subclass: Neornithes
Infraclass: Neognathae
Superorder: Galloanserae
Order: Galliformes
Family: Odontophoridae
Genus: Colinus
Species: C. virginianus

The Northern Bobwhite, Virginia Quail or (in its home range) Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus) is a ground-dwelling bird native to the United States, Mexico, and the Caribbean. It is a member of the group of species known as New World quails (Odontophoridae). They were initially placed with the Old World quails in the pheasant family (Phasianidae), but are not particularly closely related. The name "bobwhite" derives from its characteristic whistling call.

Description
Northern Bobwhites are distinguished by a dark cap stripe behind the eye along the head, black in males and brown in females. The area in between is white on males and yellow-brown on females. The body is brown, speckled in places with black or white on both sexes, and average weight is 5–6 ounces (140–170 g). Bobwhite quail chicks are very small, and need to be kept warm for a number of days. The Northern Bobwhite's song is a rising, clear whistle, bob-White! or bob-bob-White! The call is most often given by males in spring and summertime. Other vocalizations include a range of squeaky whistles.

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration (if not single dose):

14 d

Control animals:

yes

Nominal and measured doses / concentrations:

ENDPOINT ONLY: 14 day(s) LD50 of 1356 (777-2158) mg/kg org on Measurement: Mortality;

Details on test conditions:

TEST CONDITIONS
STUDY TYPE:
MEDIA TYPE- UKN (unknown media )
EXPOSURE TYPE- OR (Oral via garage or capsule )
LOCATION: LAB (Laboratory, indoor)
CONTROL: C (concurrent control),
EXPOSURE DUR.: 14 day(s)
STAND DUR. (D): 14 day(s)

TEST CONCENTRATION
CHEM ANAL. METHOD: unmeasured
UNIT OF MEASURE: mg per kg
TYPE VALUE RANGES STANDARD CONC (mg/kg org) ION FRACTION
T 1356 (777- 2158)

Details on examinations and observations:

MORTALITY / CLINICAL SIGNS
- Time schedule for examinations:14 day(s)
ENDPOINT ONLY: 14 day(s) LD50 of 1356 (777-2158) mg/kg org on Measurement: Mortality;
ENDPOINT ONLY: 14 day(s) NOEL of 279 mg/kg org on Measurement: Mortality;

BODY WEIGHT
- Time schedule for examinations:14 day(s)


FOOD CONSUMPTION (if feeding study)
- Time schedule for examinations:14 day(s)
- Remarks:oral via garage or capsule exposure route


ORGAN WEIGHTS
- Dose groups that were examined:
- Organs:
- Remarks:

REGURGITATION
- Test material was regurgitated: not observed

Duration (if not single dose):

14 d

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

1 356 mg/kg bw/day

Conc. / dose based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: (777-2158)

Duration (if not single dose):

14 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEL

Effect level:

279 mg/kg bw/day

Conc. / dose based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Duration (if not single dose):

14 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect level:

2 232 mg/kg diet

Conc. / dose based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Mortality and sub-lethal effects:

ENDPOINT ONLY: 14 day(s) LD50 of 1356 (777-2158) mg/kg org on Measurement
ENDPOINT ONLY: 14 day(s) NOEL of 279 mg/kg org on Measurement: Mortality;

Further details on results:

For the assessment of secondary poisoning, the results always have to be expressed as the concentration in food in order to be able to compare it to the PEC.
TheNOELs can be converted to NOECs with the following two formulae:

NOECbird=NOELbird.CONVbird

Conversion factors from NOEL to NOEC for bird species Colinus virginianus is 8 (bw/dfi)
bw = body weight (g); dfi: daily food intake (g/day)

NOECbird=279 x 8=2232 mg/kg/diet

For the assessment of secondary poisoning, the results always have to be expressed as the concentration in food in order to be able to compare it to the PEC.

TheNOELs can be converted to NOECs with the following two formulae:

NOECbird=NOELbird.CONVbird

Conversion factors from NOEL to NOEC for bird species Colinus virginianus is 8 (bw/dfi)

bw = body weight (g); dfi: daily food intake (g/day)

NOECbird=279 x 8=2232 mg/kg/diet

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Under the conditions of the present test Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate as a read across for Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid induced No mortality in Colinus virginianus below 279 mg/kg bw (NOEL).
Conversion factors from NOEL to NOEC for bird species Colinus virginianus is 8 (bw/dfi) bw = body weight (g); dfi: daily food intake (g/day) NOECbird=279 x 8=2232 mg/kg diet

Executive summary:

For the assessment of secondary poisoning, the results always have to be expressed as the concentration in food in order to be able to compare it to the PEC.

TheNOELs can be converted to NOECs with the following two formulae:

NOECbird=NOELbird.CONVbird

Conversion factors from NOEL to NOEC for bird species Colinus virginianus is 8 (bw/dfi)

bw = body weight (g); dfi: daily food intake (g/day)

NOECbird=279 x 8=2232 mg/kg/diet

Description of key information

For the assessment of secondary poisoning, the results always have to be expressed as the concentration in food in order to be able to compare it to the PEC.
The NOELs can be converted to NOECs with the following two formulae:
 
NOECbird=NOELbird.CONVbird
 
Conversion factors from NOEL to NOEC for bird species Leghorn hens is 8(bw/dfi)
bw = body weight (g); dfi: daily food intake (g/day)
 
NOECbird=25x 8=200mg/kg/diet
 
 
NOEC = 200 mg/kg diet
Based on the study of Lopez-Zavalla, A.,et al 1975, No mortality or adverse effects on egg quality occurred at 200 mg/kg.
 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Short-term EC50 or LC50 for birds:

1 000 mg/kg food

Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for birds:

200 mg/kg food

Additional information

For the assessment of secondary poisoning, the results always have to be expressed as the concentration in food in order to be able to compare it to the PEC.

The NOELs can be converted to NOECs with the following two formulae:

 

NOEC_bird=NOEL_bird.CONV_bird

 

Conversion factors from NOEL to NOEC for bird species Leghorn hens is 8(bw/dfi)

bw = body weight (g); dfi: daily food intake (g/day)

 

NOEC_bird=25x 8=200mg/kg/diet

 

 

NOEC = 200 mg/kg diet

Based on the study of Lopez-Zavalla, A.,et al 1975, No mortality or adverse effects on egg quality occurred at 200 mg/kg.