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Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

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Endpoint:
short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
Not applicable
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Remarks:
no analytical monitoring
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: Methods of Acute Toxicity Tests with Fish, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians" (USEPA, 1975
Deviations:
no
Remarks:
Not specified in report
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Not applicable
GLP compliance:
yes
Analytical monitoring:
no
Vehicle:
no
Details on test solutions:
Deionized water was used in the preparation of all stock solutions.
Test organisms (species):
Daphnia magna
Details on test organisms:
Daphnids (Daphnia magna) first instar < 24 hours old. The daphnia used in the test were cultured at the testing facilities, and the adult daphnia were fed a suspension of trout chow and alfalfa daily until 24 hours prior to testing.
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
48 h
Hardness:
225 ppm as CaCO3
Test temperature:
19-20C
pH:
8.1 in the control, 8.3 (100mg/L AMP), 8.9 (320 mg/L AMP), and 9.4 (1000 mg/L AMP)
Dissolved oxygen:
Dissolved oxygen levels ranging from 8.3 mg/L in the control at study start, and levels of 8.5 (control), 8.5 (100mg/L AMP), 8.6 (320 mg/L AMP), and 8.6 mg/L O2 (1000 mg/L AMP) at 48 hours.
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal- 0, 100, 180, 320, 560, and 1000 mg/L AMP-95
Details on test conditions:
Daphnias (Daphnia magna) first instar < 24 hours old. Test conditions were a temperature range of 19-20C, and a photoperiod of 16 hours light/ 8 hour dark photcycle. Test solution (200mL) was placed in 250mL beakers, and ten daphnias were added per test solution.
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Key result
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
193 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL: 100-320 mg/L
Duration:
24 h
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
240 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL: 212-272 mg/L
Key result
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
180 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality
Details on results:
There was no additional data provided on the results of the range-finding study referenced in the methods section.
Reported statistics and error estimates:
A computerized program calculated the LC50 for Daphnia based on the Probit dose-response model.

Not applicable

Validity criteria fulfilled:
not specified
Conclusions:
In Daphnia magna, 48h NOEC and LC50 values were 100 and 193 mg/L, resp, expressed in test material containing 5% water. This corresponds to NOEC and LC50 values of 95 and 183 mg active substance/L, resp. All values are nominal (no analytical follow-up).
Endpoint:
short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
Not applicable
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Remarks:
marine species, no analytical monitoring
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
EPA OPPTS 850.1045 (Penaeid Acute Toxicity Test)
Deviations:
yes
Remarks:
The test species is a brown shrimp from the North Sea. No analytical verification of the test concentrations was made.
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Not applicable
GLP compliance:
no
Analytical monitoring:
no
Vehicle:
no
Details on test solutions:
Each test solution was prepared by introducing the appropriate weight of test material into 10 litres of clean seawater in the exposure vessel.
Test organisms (species):
Crangon crangon
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Brown shrimp
- Source: Tor Bay
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): average weight 1.9g
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): average length 49.8 mm

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 5 days on site fed with a specific diet and a minimum of 3 days at the test temperature.
Test type:
semi-static
Water media type:
saltwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
96 h
Hardness:
No data
Test temperature:
14.7-15.8C
pH:
8.0-10.1
Dissolved oxygen:
7.2-8.4 mg/L
Salinity:
34.86-34.90 o/oo
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal- 0, 56, 100, 320, and 560 mg/L
Details on test conditions:
Concentrations of AMP-95 tested were 0, 56, 100, 320, and 560 mg/L under semi-static conditions for 96 hours. The 18L glass vessel was folled with 10L of the test solution, and 20 brown shrimp were added to each vessel after an on-site acclimation period of 5 days on a specially-prepared diet. Food was withheld during the test. The test solution was comprised of local filtered seawater (pH=8.10-8.16, salinity 34.86-34.90 o/oo), and was maintained within a temperature range of 14.7-15.8C. The solutions were aerated with compressed air and dissolved O2 ranged from 7.2-8.4 mg/L. The pH range during the test was 8.0-10.1. Hardness was not reported.
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Key result
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
179 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL: 98.2-329 mg/L
Key result
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality
Duration:
24 h
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
241 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CI: 17.8-292 mg/L
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
179 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL: 98.2-329 mg/L
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
179 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL: 98.2-329 mg/L
Details on results:
The control mortality was 0% at 96 hours.
Results with reference substance (positive control):
Not applicable
Validity criteria fulfilled:
not specified
Conclusions:
In marine brown shrimp (Crangon crangon), 48h NOEC and LC50 values were 100 and 179 mg/L, resp., expressed in test material containing 5% water. This corresponds to NOEC and LC50 values of 95 and 170 mg active substance/L, resp. All values are nominal (no analytical follow-up).

Description of key information

All available studies evidence negligible acute toxicity to invertebrates. NOEC and LC50 values were:



  • 95 and 183 mg/L, resp. over 48h in freshwater species Daphnia magna;

  • not determined and 59 mg/L, over 24h in Daphnia magna (unreliable study);

  • 95 and 170 mg , resp. over 48h in marine brown shrimp Crangon crangon.


All values are nominal (no analytical follow-up) and expressed as mg active substance/L. Reported nominal LC50/NOECs were converted into active substance equivalents taking into account the water content of the test items. Measured concentrations in two 2014 algae studies demonstrated the stability in both fresh- and saltwater media over 96h.


The data evidence similar sensitivity of freshwater and marine species.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect concentration:
183 mg/L

Marine water invertebrates

Marine water invertebrates
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect concentration:
170 mg/L

Additional information