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EC number: 263-214-5 | CAS number: 61792-11-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Detailed justification for the QSAR prediction is provided in the attached QMRF and QPRF reports. A summary is provided below:
1. SOFTWARE: ECOSAR version 1.11
2. MODEL: Fish 96h LC50 Neutral Organic SAR
3. SMILES USED AS INPUT FOR THE MODEL: N#CC=C(CCC=C(CC)C)C
4. SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY OF THE (Q)SAR MODEL
The ECOSAR Class Program and underlying methodology has been developed over a period of more than 25 years by EPA/OPPT. The current ECOSAR version (v1.11, May 2012) is programmed to identify 111 chemical classes and allows access to 704 QSARs for numerous endpoints and organisms. The neutral organic 96-hour fish LC50 QSAR is one of these QSARs. The model is valid according to the following five OECD principles.
1. Defined Endpoint: Acute toxicity to fish
2. Unambiguous algorithm: Log LC50 (mmol/L) = -0.8981 log Kow + 1.7108
- to convert the LC50 from mmol/L to mg/L, multiply by the molecular weight of the substance
- In ECOSAR version 1.11, all QSARs have been derived using predicted log Kow values for the training set chemicals. The log Kow values were predicted using the KOWWIN program.
3. Applicability domain: The Neutral Organic SAR is applicable to nonionizable and nonreactive chemicals with a Log Kow of < 5 and a molecular weight of < 1000.
4. Statistical characteristics: a) internal performance; n = 296, r2 = 0.878, Q2 = 0.78, b) External validation; A number of supporting validation exercises have been performed in conjunction with EPA and other stakeholders on the ECOSAR models and are listed in the "Methodology Document for the Ecological Structure-Activity Relationship Model (ECOSAR) Class Program v1.11"
5. Mechanistic interpretation: The mechanistic basis for the model is nonpolar narcosis, which has been shown to be positively correlated with lipophilicity (as modelled by log Kow) up to a log Kow limit of 5 (for acute effects on fish and daphnia) and 6.4 (for green algae).
5. APPLICABILITY DOMAIN
- Lemonile is a non-ionised chemical with an estimated logKow of 3.957 and molecular weight of 163. As such it falls within the applicability domain described above.
- Lemonile is a mixture of stereoisomers. The stereochemical features will not affect the reliability of the prediction, which is based on 2D chemical structure and the predicted logarithm of the n-octanol / water partition coefficient. Moreover, an experimental determination of the log Kow of Lemonile shows that all the stereoisomers of Lemonile have approximately the same log Kow (3.1 to 3.2).
- Based on the chemical structure, the ECOSAR programme attributes Lemonile to the chemical class of vinyl/allyl nitriles and estimates toxicity to aquatic organisms using both the Neutral Organic SAR and Vinyl/Allyl Nitrile Class SAR. The validity of the latter SAR is questionable given that it is based on a very small training set of 3 chemicals. As such any predictions using the Vinyl/Allyl Nitrile Class SAR should be treated with caution. Furthermore, although Lemonile is an alpha,beta-unsaturated nitrile, it contains two alkyl substituents at the beta position. Such encumbered nitriles are not expected to exhibit “excess aquatic toxicity” through Michael-type acception mechanisms. Moreover, predicted versus measured values for daphnid and green algae indicate that Lemonile does not exhibit “excess aquatic toxicity” but acts via simple non-polar narcosis (see table 1 in IUCLID section "Any other information on results incl. tables"). Therefore, it is considered that the Neutral Organic SAR is the most appropriate ECOSAR model for Lemonile.
6. ADEQUACY OF THE RESULT
- The prediction value can be considered reliable taking into account that predicted and experimental data for closest neighbours in the log Kow descriptor space (log Kow of between 3.9 and 4.1) are in close agreement (see QPRF for details). Moreover, the experimental and predicted values for these analogues fall within the same acute aquatic hazard classification criterion range: E(L)C50 > 1mg/L and <= 10mg/L. Thus the fish 96-hr LC50 prediction value of 2.4 mg/L for Lemonile is consider suitable for regulatory purposes. The prediction, in fact, may be slightly conservative taking into account that a) the measured log Kow for Lemonile of 3.1 to 3.2 is lower than the predicted value of 3.957 which was used in the LC50 estimation, and b) the predicted E(L)C50 values for Daphnid and Green Algae using similar ECOSAR Neutral Organic SAR regressions are slightly lower (i.e. more conservative) than the measured values. - Principles of method if other than guideline:
- ECOSAR v1.11 neutral organic 96-hour fish LC50 QSAR
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- The following were used as input for the ECOSAR v1.11 model.
- SMILES: N#CC=C(CCC=C(CC)C)C
- Predicted log Kow of 3.957 (automatically estimated within the ECOSAR programme)
- Molecular weight of 163.26 (automatically calculated within the ECOSAR programme) - Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.4 mg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: estimated by QSAR
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Table 1: Comparison of Lemonile measured and predicted L(E)C50 values for Daphnid & Green Algae
Daphnid
48-hr L(E)C50 (mg/L)
Green Algae
96-hr EC50
(mg/L)
Measured Values:
Presented within the REACH registration dossier
2.7
3.6
ECOSAR v1.11 Predicted Values:
Neutral Organic SAR
1.595
2.508
Vinyl/Allyl Nitriles
0.358
0.193
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The substance Lemonile was predicted to have a fish 96-hr LC50 of 2.4 mg/L. The prediction value can be considered reliable taking into account that the ECOSAR Neutral Organic SAR is an appropriate QSAR for Lemonile. This is supported by a comparison of experimental and predicted values for the daphnia and green algal endpoints.
Reference
Description of key information
The predicted fish 96-hr LC50 is 2.4 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 2.4 mg/L
Additional information
The acute toxicity to fish of Lemonile has been assessed using a QSAR approach. The QSAR approach works within the spirit of REACH and the stated aim of the legislation to reduce animal testing where possible. Lemonile was predicted to have a fish 96-hr LC50 of 2.345 mg/L using the ECOSAR v1.11 Neutral Organic SAR. This QSAR model is scientifically valid and Lemonile falls within its applicability domain.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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