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EC number: 276-431-5 | CAS number: 72162-23-3 The high-boiling fraction separated by distillation from the products obtained from the reaction of nitric acid with cyclododecanol and cyclododecanone. Composed primarily of dodecanedioic acid, undecanedioic acid, and sebacic acid.
Toxicological Summary
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 127 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 14.2
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Local effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 18 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Additional information - workers
With the exception of a reversible irritation in the rabbit eye no adverse local effects were induced by dodecandioic acid. Therefore, no DNEL has to be derived for local effects. A qualitative assessment was performed for eye irritation.
Derivation of DNELacute, systemic
No adverse effects were noted upon acute exposure both in humans upon oral application or in experimental animals upon oral or dermal application. Also no acute adverse effects were noted in repeated dose studies. This means that the DNELlong termis also protective regarding systemic effects for acute exposures.
Derivation of DNELlong term
Starting point
No adverse effects were noted in a 90-day oral gavage study with rats at the highest dose level tested, the NOAEL was exceeding 1800 mg/kg bw/d. This value is taken as starting point to derive a DNELlong term.
Also no adverse effects were noted in a combined reprotoxicity screening and repeated dose study at the highest dose level of 1000 mg/kg bw/day in rats. Dodecanedioic acid was not genotoxic and there was not carcinogenic activity.
Route to route extrapolation
Toxicokinetic studies with experimental animals (rats) and human volunteers demonstrated oral absorption to be complete (100%). As a worst case consideration dermal absorption is considered as 100%. Absorption via the inhalation route is considered as 100% by default.
Extrapolation from rat oral repeated dose exposure to inhalation exposure:
A factor of 1.15 m³/kg bw is applied, as allometric scaling factor assuming 24h exposure for the general public.
For workers this factor is reduced to 0.38 m³/kg bw taking into account an 8-hour working shift; in addition a factor of 1.49 correcting for the increased breathing rate for light activity (10m²/8h) compared to base level (6.7m²/8h) is considered.
Exposure duration extrapolation
In a read across approach to chronic feeding toxicity studies with the disodium salt of sebaic acid, the C10-analog of dodecanedioic acid, in rats and rabbits the highest dose tested showed no adverse effects. NOAEL was 1000 mg/kg bw/d (4.06 mmol corresponding to 935 mg dodecanedioic acid/kg bw/d) for both rats and rabbits. This value corresponds well with the endpoint of 1800 mg/kg bw/d with the default exposure duration assessment factor of 2 included for extrapolation from subchronic to chronic exposure
A default factor of 2 is chosen.
Interspecies extrapolation
For interspecies extrapolation the default factor of 4 for metabolic differences between rat and humans is considered for both the oral and the dermal exposure route. This factor is by default not considered relevant for inhalation exposure. In addition a further safety factor of 2.5 for remaining differences is used by default for all exposure routes.
Intra-species assessment factors
Default safety factors accounting for intra-species differences in susceptibility (factor 5 for workers and factor 10 for the general population) are assumed.
Additional safety factors
No further assessment factors are thought necessary; although there are no data on chronic exposure or multi-generation effects, the overall database indicates that dodecanedioic acid is devoid of any adverse effects because as a regular intermediate in the catabolism of long-chain fatty acids it is incorporated in the mammalian body, utilised as a nutrient in energy production. Assessment factors for dose-response and for quality of the whole database is set on 1.
DNELlong-term
The DNELlong-termcalculated, thus, for workers are 18 mg/kg bw/d (dermal route) and 127 mg/m³ for inhalation route. For the general population the DNELlong-termwere calculated as 9 mg/kg bw/d (oral and dermal route) and 31.3 mg/m³ for inhalation route.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 31.3 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 57.5
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Local effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 9 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 9 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Additional information - General Population
With the exception of a reversible irritation in the rabbit eye no adverse local effects were induced by dodecandioic acid. Therefore, no DNEL has to be derived for local effects.A qualitative assessment was performed for eye irritation.
Derivation of DNELacute, systemic
No adverse effects were noted upon acute exposure both in humans upon oral application or in experimental animals upon oral or dermal application. Also no acute adverse effects were noted in repeated dose studies. This means that the DNELlong termis also protective regarding systemic effects for acute exposures.
Derivation of DNELlong term
Starting point
No adverse effects were noted in a 90-day oral gavage study with rats at the highest dose level tested, the NOAEL was exceeding 1800 mg/kg bw/d. This value is taken as starting point to derive a DNELlong term.
Also no adverse effects were noted in a combined reprotoxicity screening and repeated dose study at the highest dose level of 1000 mg/kg bw/day in rats. Dodecanedioic acid was not genotoxic and there was not carcinogenic activity.
Route to route extrapolation
Toxicokinetic studies with experimental animals (rats) and human volunteers demonstrated oral absorption to be complete (100%). As a worst case consideration dermal absorption is considered as 100%. Absorption via the inhalation route is considered as 100% by default.
Extrapolation from rat oral repeated dose exposure to inhalation exposure:
A factor of 1.15 m³/kg bw is applied, as allometric scaling factor assuming 24h exposure for the general public.
For workers this factor is reduced to 0.38 m³/kg bw taking into account an 8-hour working shift; in addition a factor of 1.49 correcting for the increased breathing rate for light activity (10m²/8h) compared to base level (6.7m²/8h) is considered.
Exposure duration extrapolation
In a read across approach to chronic feeding toxicity studies with the disodium salt of sebaic acid, the C10-analog of dodecanedioic acid, in rats and rabbits the highest dose tested showed no adverse effects. NOAEL was 1000 mg/kg bw/d (4.06 mmol corresponding to 935 mg dodecanedioic acid/kg bw/d) for both rats and rabbits. This value corresponds well with the endpoint of 1800 mg/kg bw/d with the default exposure duration assessment factor of 2 included for extrapolation from subchronic to chronic exposure
A default factor of 2 is chosen.
Interspecies extrapolation
For interspecies extrapolation the default factor of 4 for metabolic differences between rat and humans is considered for both the oral and the dermal exposure route. This factor is by default not considered relevant for inhalation exposure. In addition a further safety factor of 2.5 for remaining differences is used by default for all exposure routes.
Intra-species assessment factors
Default safety factors accounting for intra-species differences in susceptibility (factor 5 for workers and factor 10 for the general population) are assumed.
Additional safety factors
No further assessment factors are thought necessary; although there are no data on chronic exposure or multi-generation effects, the overall database indicates that dodecanedioic acid is devoid of any adverse effects because as a regular intermediate in the catabolism of long-chain fatty acids it is incorporated in the mammalian body, utilised as a nutrient in energy production. Assessment factors for dose-response and for quality of the whole database is set on 1.
DNELlong-term
The DNELlong-termcalculated, thus, for general population are 9 mg/kg bw/d (dermal and oral route) and 31.3 mg/m³ for inhalation route.
Setting of DNEL is considered high conservative because dodecanedioic acid did not induce any toxic effects in the available studies.
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