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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 204-817-5 | CAS number: 126-98-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- no data
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Peer reviewed literature data
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- The Mammalian Toxicity of Methacrylonitrile
- Author:
- Pozzani UC, Kinkead ER & King JM
- Year:
- 1 968
- Bibliographic source:
- Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 29: 202-210
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- study with volunteers
- Endpoint addressed:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: no data
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Groups of 8-9 humans were exposed to a series of concentrations of methacrylonitrile vapour
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- study predates GLP
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Methacrylonitrile
- EC Number:
- 204-817-5
- EC Name:
- Methacrylonitrile
- Cas Number:
- 126-98-7
- Molecular formula:
- C4H5N
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-methylprop-2-enenitrile
- Details on test material:
- - Purity: > 99 wt.%
- Inhibitor: 35 - 45 ppm MEHQ
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- not specified
- Subjects:
- 22-57 years old
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Route of exposure:
- inhalation
- Reason of exposure:
- intentional
- Exposure assessment:
- not specified
- Details on exposure:
- In order to ascertain the responses of humans to methacrylonitrile vapour, volunteers inhaled a series of known concentrations for one minute periods. Inhalation took place in a glass lined 12.8 cubic meter room from which air was exhausted at 2.5 to 3.2 cubic meters per minute. The vapour concentrations were determined by gas chromatography. The volunteers were not screened for olfactory activity and did not know the concentration they were inhaling. The interrogator and technician who prepared the vapours ensured that vapour concentrations were introduced in the following sequence: 24, 14, zero, 7, 14, 24, 7, 2, zero and 2 ppm and the group inhaled the same series of concentrations twice. Intervals between each inhalation period were at least 45 minutes but were usually much longer. Volunteers faced the wall and answered questions in the affirmative by extending a finger. In the second part of the study nine subjects were exposed to a vapour at a concentration of 2 ppm for 10 minutes and additional seven subjects were exposed to a vapour at a concentration of 14 ppm also for 10 minutes.
- Examinations:
- No data
- Medical treatment:
- No data
Results and discussion
- Clinical signs:
- Olfactory fatigue was reported by most subjects at 14 and 7 ppm, and by two subjects at 24 ppm. Most subjects could detect an odour initially at 24 and 14 ppm, but only one half of the group could detect methacrylonitrile vapour at a concentration of 7 ppm. No individuals could differentiate between 2 and zero ppm. Among the subjects exposed to 24 ppm for 1 minute, 6-22 % experienced nose, throat, or eye irritation; no irritation was noted at the other concentrations. At exposure levels of 2 ppm or 14 ppm for 10 minutes, transitory irritating effects were seen (see tables below)
- Results of examinations:
- No data
- Effectivity of medical treatment:
- No data
- Outcome of incidence:
- No data
Any other information on results incl. tables
Human response to one minute inhalation exposures to methacrylonitrile vapour |
|||||
Mean concentration (ppm) |
24 |
14 |
7 |
2 |
Zero |
Number of subject inhalations |
18 |
17 |
17 |
18 |
18 |
Incidence of odour detection (%) |
89 |
88 |
47 |
Zero |
Zero |
Incidence of throat irritation (%) |
22 |
Zero |
Zero |
Zero |
Zero |
Incidence of eye irritation (%) |
17 |
Zero |
Zero |
Zero |
Zero |
Incidence of nose irritation (%) |
6 |
Zero |
Zero |
Zero |
Zero |
Responses of nine subjects to 2 ppm methacrylonitrile vapour for 10 minutes |
||||||||||
Time (min) |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
Odour detection |
4 |
4 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Eye irritation |
2 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
Tears |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Nose irritation |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
Throat irritation |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Responses of seven subjects to 14 ppm methacrylonitrile vapour for 10 minutes |
||||||||||
Time (min) |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
Odour detection |
7 |
6 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Eye irritation |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
Tears |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
Nose irritation |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
Throat irritation |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The human response to methacrylonitrile vapour indicates that the solvent has very poor warning properties. It is very likely that most people will not be able to deect the odour of dangerous concentrations of methacrylonitrile vapours after 2-3 minutes. From other sections of the same publication, the authors conclude that the rat appears to be considerably more resistant to repeated inhalation of methacrylonitrile vapour than the dog. The 'no ill-effect' level for the rat over 91 days lies between 52.6 and 19.3 ppm, whereas that for the dog lies between 8.8 and 3.2 ppm. Since the position of man is unknown relative to the rat and the dog, the authors conclude that it is safest to assume man is similar to the dog and suggest that workmen should not be allowed to inhale more than 3 ppm of methocrylonitrile vapour for extended periods of time (8 hours per day on 5 days per week)
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