Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 480-070-0 | CAS number: 85-27-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Inhalation absorption:
The high water solubility and the moderate lipophilicity (log Pow = 2.11) initially indicate that the substance may easily be absorbed by the respiratory tract epithelium, whereas the low volatility indicates a marginal potential for inhalation of vapours. It was therefore considered necessary to address the potential for inhalation absorption as follows:
The potential for dust inhalation is considered moderate, since during measurements of the particle size distribution, clear indications of a high tendency for agglomeration of particles were observed, necessitating dry sieving of the test material prior to testing. As a consequence, approx. 26% of the material was > 250 µm.
Furthermore, the material was subjected to a test to determine the potential of the dust to be airborne (modified Heubach procedure (DIN 55992-1:2006)), yielding an MMAD of 26.5 µm with a GSD of 1.7. Based on this information, the fractional deposition in the respiratory tract was calculated with the MPPD model.
The results of this calculation can be briefly summarised as follows: the deposition frequency in the entire respiratory tract is ~ 52%, corresponding to the large particle size of approx. 26.5 µm which renders the particles only partly inhalable. The bulk of this material (i.e. 99.7%) is deposited in the extra-thoracic region, and will therefore be translocated to the GI tract within a few minutes; only a minimal amount (~0.2%) of the material present in air will be deposited in the tracheobronchial region, also cleared to the GI tract by mucociliary flow. Merely 0.04% in of the material present in air will be deposited in the alveolar region. Thus, only minimal amounts penetrate to the deep lung tissue, whereas the overwhelming bulk of inhaled material is cleared rapidly to the GI tract, where oral bioavailability will determine its uptake.
For current lack of other information on oral bioavailability and in light of the physicochemical characteristics, it may be assume as a worst-case that the absorption factor both from the alveolar region and the GI tract is 100%, thus yielding an overall inhalation absorption factor of 52% based on particle-size dependant deposition in the lung.
Oral absorption:
SymWhite377 is readily water soluble (3.85 g/L) and moderately lipophilic, and therefore may be assumed to readily dissolve in gastrointestinal fluid and subsequently be easily available for passage through the epithelial barrier of the GI tract by passive diffusion.
Dermal absorption:
Due to the high water solubility (>3 g/L) and a logPow of 2.11, quantitatively relevant dermal absorption can not be completely ruled out based on theoretical considerations only. However, the lack of toxicity in the acute dermal toxicity study up to a concentration of 2000 mg/kg bw in comparison to the acute oral toxicity (LD50 300-2000 mg/kg bw) may be seen as an indication that this is not a preferential route of entry into the body. SymWhite 377 is intended to be used at a low application rate as a topical skin lightening agent/antioxidant. Therefore, and in analogy to hydroquinone it may be hypothesised that after uptake into the skin layer, SymWhite 377 inhibits the enzymatic oxidation of tyrosine to dopa, which is the first reaction step in melanogenesis . Furthermore, there is indication that the second step in melanogenesis, the oxidation of dopa to melanin by tyrosinase, is also affected by hydroquinone .
Distribution:
Since SymWhite377 is a small water-soluble molecule it may be assumed to diffuse through aqueous channels and pores and to distribute to tissues widely and readily.
Metabolism and elimination:
Based on the available data, no definitive conclusions can be drawn on the likely metabolism or elimination of the substance. However, due to the low molecular weight and the good water solubility, urinary excretion is likely to be the favourable route of excretion for SymWhite377.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
