2,5,7,10-tetraoxaundecane

Endpoint summary

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

sub-chronic toxicity: inhalation

Type of information:

other: read accross

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2012

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Read accross following OECD guidelines

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: OECD Joint meeting of the chemicals committee and the working party on chemical, pesticides and biotechnology, Guidance on grouping of chemicals, ENV/JM/MONO(2007)28

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Read Accross tools: the main tool recommended in the regulatory context is the OECD (Q)SAR Application Toolbox (Guidance document for using the OECD (Q)SAR Application Toolbox to develop chemical categories according to the OECD Guidance on Grouping of Chemicals, ENV/JM/MONO(2009)5 and ACD/Pyschem Suite version 12.0 were used for the calculation of several physico chemical properties, i.e. density, surface tension, water solubility, LogPow, needed to compare the physico chemical properties of the source chemicals and the target ones.

GLP compliance:

no

Limit test:

no

Dose descriptor:

NOAEC

Effect level:

3 127.89 mg/m³ air

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

not specified

Basis for effect level:

other: weighted mean mathematical formalism

Critical effects observed:

not specified

The read-across analysis was performed for the toxicity super endpoint, including five endpoints, i.e. acute oral toxicity, acute dermal toxicity, acute inhalation toxicity, subchronic inhalation toxicity (90 days, rat) and prenatal developmental toxicity study, that were treated with the same reasoning in terms of mechanism action and for which the read-across follow a similar justification.

In the current study, methylal and dioxolane were selected by the commissioner as source chemicals or analogs, to predict the same endpoints for the target chemicals, i.e. ethylal, 2,5,7,10-tetraoxaundecane, 2-ethylhexylal, propylal, butylal, however, in the case experimental toxicity data of ethylal, 2,5,7,10-tetraoxaundecane, 2-ethylhexylal, propylal, butylal were already available from the commissioner for some of the toxicity endpoints, these data were also employed for the read-across predictions of the remaining target chemicals. Thus, depending on the availability of their experimental toxicity data, the five acetals (ethylal, propylal, butylal, 2,5,7,10-tetraoxaundecane, 2-ethylhexylal) were employed as source chemicals or target chemicals.

A many-to-many read-across was performed since the endpoint information for many chemicals, methylal and dioxolane, was used to estimate the same toxicity endpoints for the target chemicals, i.e. ethylal, propylal, butylal, 2,5,7,10-tetraoxaundecane and 2-ethylhexylal, which were considered to be “similar” enough according to their structural, mechanistic and physicochemical/reactivity property profiles to justify the read-across approach. Figure 4 (see full report attached below) shows an example of a many-to-many read-across approach.

Conclusions:

The subchronic inhalation toxicity of the target 2,5,7,10-Tetraoxaundecane provided by the weighted mean mathematical formalism is a NOAEC (13-week) = 3127.89 mg/m3

Executive summary:

The read-across analysis was performed for the toxicity super endpoint, including five endpoints, i.e. acute oral toxicity, acute dermal toxicity, acute inhalation toxicity, subchronic inhalation toxicity (90 days, rat) and prenatal developmental toxicity study, that were treated with the same reasoning in terms of mechanism action and for which the read-across follow a similar justification.

In the current study, methylal and dioxolane were selected by the commissioner as source chemicals or analogs, to predict the same endpoints for the target chemicals, i.e. ethylal, 2,5,7,10-tetraoxaundecane, 2-ethylhexylal, propylal, butylal, however, in the case experimental toxicity data of ethylal, 2,5,7,10-tetraoxaundecane, 2-ethylhexylal, propylal, butylal were already available from the commissioner for some of the toxicity endpoints, these data were also employed for the read-across predictions of the remaining target chemicals. Thus, depending on the availability of their experimental toxicity data, the five acetals (ethylal, propylal, butylal, 2,5,7,10-tetraoxaundecane, 2-ethylhexylal) were employed as source chemicals or target chemicals.

A many-to-many read-across was performed since the endpoint information for many chemicals, methylal and dioxolane, was used to estimate the same toxicity endpoints for the target chemicals, i.e. ethylal, propylal, butylal, 2,5,7,10-tetraoxaundecane and 2-ethylhexylal, which were considered to be “similar” enough according to their structural, mechanistic and physicochemical/reactivity property profiles to justify the read-across approach. Figure 4 (see full report attached below) shows an example of a many-to-many read-across approach.

Subchronic inhalation toxicity

Source chemicals: methylal and dioxolane

Target chemical(s): ethylal, propylal, butylal, 2,5,7,10-tetraoxaundecane and 2-ethylhexylal

Read-across predictions: NOAEC (13-week) = 3127.89 mg/m3

In the current read-across analysis, the available experimental toxicity data of methylal and dioxolane were used for the read-across prediction of the subchronic inhalation toxicity of the targets ethylal, propylal, butylal, 2,5,7,10-tetraoxaundecane and 2-ethylhexylal. The available data refer to two different measurements, the NOEL, which is the no observed effect level, and the NOAEC, which is the no observed adverse effect concentration.

The commissioner analysed in more details the study reports of the two source substances. For methylal, no NOAEC is defined in the report but a NOAEC value could be defined at 6300 mg/m3 as a worst case value (=NOEL value). Thus, the read-across prediction was performed employing the NOAEC values of 6300 mg/m3 for methylal and of 903 mg/m3 for dioxolane. It has to be taken into account that the determination of the NOAEC is highly toxicological evaluation-dependent, since the determination of an adverse effect is not as theoretical as the determination of an LC50 in an acute toxicity test. Tests are available for methylal and dioxolane and have been performed by different labs with different sensitivity to define an adverse effect which is the basis of the NOAEC. This difference of sensitivity could explain the disparity between NOAEC of methylal and dioxolane.

Since inhalation toxicity is strongly influenced by the vapor pressure, the experimental inhalation toxicity data of the source methylal was weighted less than the one of dioxolane, because of its much higher vapor pressure than the targets.

The subchronic inhalation toxicity of the targets ethylal, propylal, butylal, 2,5,7,10-tetraoxaundecane and 2-ethylhexylal would be predicted of NOAEC (13-week) = 903 mg/m3 in the worst case scenario. However, a more consistent prediction is considered the one provided by the weighted mean mathematical formalism which led to prediction of NOAEC (13-week) = 3127.89 mg/m3.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEC

3 127.89 mg/m³

Study duration:

subchronic

Species:

rat

Quality of whole database:

Good quality from read-across preformed according to OECD Joint meeting of the chemicals committee and the working party on chemical, pesticides and biotechnology, Guidance on grouping of chemicals, ENV/JM/MONO(2007)28 (KC2)

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - local effects

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term repeated dose toxicity: dermal

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 410 (Repeated Dose Dermal Toxicity: 21/28-Day Study)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Limit test:

no

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

New Zealand White

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: CER-Group Dépt. Santé (Marloie, Belgium)
- Age at study initiation: 12 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 2-3 kg
- Fasting period before study: no
- Housing: During on-study periods, the rabitts were housed individually in cages in the animal facilities of CER-Dept. Santé at Marloie (B6900), Belgium.

- Diet (e.g. ad libitum):
- Water (e.g. ad libitum):
The water quality was in compliance with the Belgium Water Supply (Water quality) Regulations. Routine chemical and bacterial analyses are conducted periodically by the local water authority.
- Acclimation period: The animals were housed 5 days in the experimental unit before use on the study. During acclimatisation, animals were daily fed with maintenance diet for rodent and had a free access to tap water ad libitum in bottles.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Temperature and relative humidity were recorded daily during the administration and study periods.
- Temperature (°C): 18 ± 5
- Humidity (%): 28-60
- Air changes (per hr): 10-30
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

IN-LIFE DATES: From: To:

Type of coverage:

occlusive

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on exposure:

TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: dorsal area of the trunk
- % coverage: approximately 10% of the total body surface
- Type of wrap if used: non-irritant tape
- Time intervals for shavings or clipplings: The clipping was repeated at different interval (weekly) in order to ensure optimal contact between the test item and the animal skin. The clipped fur area for test item application corresponded of about 10 percent of the total body surface area of animals.

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): not specified
- Time after start of exposure: not specified

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit):
For each animal a syringe was filled with an appropriate volume of dosing solution. The syringe with its canula was weighed and the weight noted on the prepared table. After application of the dosing solution on the dorsal area of the trunk, the empty syringe with its canula was weighed and the weight noted. The exact injection time was also recorded. A range of 15% in regard with the theoretical dose (100, 400 or 1000 mg.kg-1) was judged as acceptable for the administered test item dose.
- Concentration (if solution): 100, 400, 1000 mg/kg
- Constant volume or concentration used: yes (A range of 15% in regard with the theoretical dose (100, 400 or 1000 mg.kg-1) was judged as acceptable for the administered test item dose)


VEHICLE: none


USE OF RESTRAINERS FOR PREVENTING INGESTION: yes

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

no

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Weight of full and empty syringe were measured to determine weight of applied test item and thus dose of applied test item each day of administration for each animal, for each dose.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

28 days

Frequency of treatment:

5-day per week basis, 6h per day
(Days 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 28)

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
100 mg/kg bw
Basis:
nominal per unit body weight

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
400 mg/kg bw
Basis:
nominal per unit body weight

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
1000 mg/kg bw
Basis:
nominal per unit body weight

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5

Control animals:

yes, concurrent no treatment

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale:
The randomization procedure of animals was performed according to the SOP QA/GEN18-31. Randomization was performed at the beginning of the acclimatization period under supervision of the QA manager of the Test Site for the animal experiments. The computer randomization was performed according to the following procedure: 20 rabbits were divided in four groups consisting of 2 males and 2 females, and with an average weight equivalent between groups.

Positive control:

None

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: All animals were clinically examined by a veterinarian at randomisation, one day before test item application and weekly during toxicity trial period. Clinical

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Individual weights of animals were determined at the day of test item application and weekly thereafter

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: at the end of the study
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: No data
- Animals fasted: No data
- How many animals: all animals
- Parameters checked in tables 6, 33 to 45 in the attached report were examined.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: at the end of the study
- Animals fasted: No data
- How many animals: all animals
- Parameters checked in tables 6, 33 to 45 in the attached report were examined.

URINALYSIS: No

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No

Sacrifice and pathology:

All animals included in the toxicity study (control and treatment groups) were subjected to gross necropsy which included examination of the external surface of the body, all orifices, and the cranial, thoracic and abdominal cavities and their contents. For possible future histopathological examination, different organs and tissues were collected from each rabbit by the staff of the Test Site and preserved in a suitable medium (4 percent buffered formalin). After euthanasia by CO2 narcosis, the following organs were sampled from each rabbit: skin (both treated and adjacent untreated areas),
liver, kidneys, adrenals, testes, epididymides, thymus, spleen, brain, heart, encephalon, spinal cord, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, trachea, lung, gonads, sexual organs, bladder, lymph node, peripheral nerve (sciatic), bone marrow.

Statistics:

At the end of this period, a clinical examination was realized in all animals. The results of different blood analysis parameters were analyzed from a statistical point of view by means of the software Statistica version 7.1 Fr.
In order to compare the means of two groups, the t-test (parametric test) was used because it is employed even on samples of small size (n=10). The t-test assesses whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other.
The parametric tests are performed when the variables investigated are normally distributed and when there is homogeneity of variances. A preliminary test is used to check this last condition (test of Fisher). If the P variances obtained with this test is inferior to 0.05, the homogeneity of variances is not respected, nonparametric tests are then carried out.
The significance criterion is fixed at 0.05 in this study. If the P value is lower than 0.05, the difference in mean for the control group and the treated group is statistically significant.

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Dermal irritation:

no effects observed

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

no effects observed

Food efficiency:

no effects observed

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

no effects observed

Ophthalmological findings:

no effects observed

Haematological findings:

no effects observed

Clinical biochemistry findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Urinalysis findings:

not examined

Behaviour (functional findings):

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

effects observed, treatment-related

Gross pathological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

no effects observed

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not examined

Details on results:

Animals have shown no response to the administration of the test item at the post-injection observation.
Individual weights of animals were determined at the day of test item application and weekly thereafter. Mean animal body weights per treatment group are listed in Table 4. No significant weight changes were highlighted in the time-course of study.
All animals were clinically examined by a veterinarian at randomisation, one day before test item application and weekly during toxicity trial period. Clinical examinations included a general examination and following parameters were checked: central nervous system (CNS), respiratory, gastrointestinal (GI), skin, circulatory, eye, skeletomuscular and urogenital systems, temperature and body weight. The results of the clinical examination were reported on the corresponding forms.

Controls and treated animals appeared in good health during the treatment period trial and no injuries or severe signs of toxicity were observed during the daily application of the test item at a final dose of 100, 400 or 1000 mg/kg.
Only a lack of skin elasticity resulting from a repeated application of the test item has been demonstrated in the treated animals. This observation has been highlighted on the seventh day of application in the 400 and 1000 mg/kg treatment groups. On the eighth day of treatment, this lack of
skin elasticity was observed in all treatment groups (100, 400 or 1000 mg/kg).
The lack of skin elasticity was not accompanied by redness or other skin problems and was restricted only to the area of test item application. The animals did not suffer of this injury.
Daily application of test item (100, 400 or 1000 mg/kg) over a 28-days period has no induced morbidity or mortality in animals even in the group treated with the highest dose which correspond to the dose level of the limit-test like recommended by the OECD guideline 410.
From these results and observations, it appears that the maximum dose of 2,5,7,10-tetraoxaundecane that causes no detectable adverse effects (alteration of morphology, functional capacity, growth, development or life span) in rabbit and under the defined conditions of this experiment is 1000 mg per kg per day. This dose corresponds to the NOAEL (No Observed Apparent Effect Level) of this experimentation.
At the end of the study period, clinical and gross necroscopy examinations were performed.

CLINICAL EXAMINATIONS
Clinical examinations included haematology (red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count and platelet count) and clinical blood chemistry
(calcium, phosphorus, chloride, sodium, potassium, fasting triglycerides, acid/base balance, methaemoglobin and cholinesterase activity. Parameters of liver and kidney function: serum aspartate aminotransferase, serum alanine aminotransferase, albumin, blood creatinine, total bilirubin, uremia
and total serum protein).
All animals included in the toxicity study (control and treatment groups) were subjected to gross necropsy which included examination of the external surface of the body, all orifices, and the cranial, thoracic and abdominal cavities and their contents. For possible future histopathological examination, different organs and tissues were collected from each rabbit by the staff of the Test Site and preserved in a suitable medium (4 percent buffered formalin). After euthanasia by CO2 narcosis, the following organs were sampled from each rabbit: skin (both treated and adjacent untreated areas),
liver, kidneys, adrenals, testes, epididymides, thymus, spleen, brain, heart, encephalon, spinal cord, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, trachea, lung, gonads, sexual organs, bladder, lymph node, peripheral nerve (sciatic), bone marrow.
The liver, kidneys, brain, spleen, epididymides, ovaries, thymus, heart, adrenals and testes were weighed wet immediately following dissection to avoid drying. These data were recorded on a special sample collection form and signed by the executing technician.
Each tissue sampled was labelled with the study number, animal number, name of the group and the date of sampling.

ANATOMOPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATION
The following organs were processed for histology and examined microscopically:
• control and 1000 mg/kg groups: brain, epididymides, kidneys, heart, liver, lungs, ovaries, skin (untreated area), testes, urinary bladder and uterus,
• 1000 mg/kg group only: skin (application site).

Treatment-related effects were observed at the application site in all animals treated at 1000 mg/kg. There were characterized by slight epidermal hyperplasia, minimal to slight orthokeratotic hyperkeratotis and slight superficial perivascular inflammation. In addition, slight epidermal erosion/ulcer was present in 2/5 treated males at 1000 mg/kg. Minimal epidermal hyperplasia and/or minimal orthokeratotic hyperkeratotis were also recorded in the untreated skin area of 1/5 males and 2/5 females treated males at 1000 mg/kg.
Evidence of urolithiasis were observed in the urinary bladder of 3/5 treated males at 1000 mg/kg. Urolithiasis is known to occur commonly in rabbits (Hoefer, 2006) and in the absence of any treatment related effects on mineral deposition in other organs, this occurrence was considered to be fortuitous.
All other microscopic findings were those commonly seen in rabbits and bore no relationship to treatment.

The microscopic findings at the application site were indicative of slight local dermal irritation of 2,5,7,10-tetraoxaundecane. The epidermal hyperplasia and orthokeratotic hyperkeratotis recorded in the untreated skin area of a few treated animals were probably due to application procedure and/or local diffusion of the test article.

The dermal application of 2,5,7,10-tetraoxaundecane (at least 6 hours per day on 5-day per week basis) for 28 days in rabbits at the concentration of 1000 mg/kg induced histological evidences of slight irritation at the application site.

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

body weight and weight gain

clinical biochemistry

dermal irritation

gross pathology

haematology

histopathology: non-neoplastic

mortality

organ weights and organ / body weight ratios

Critical effects observed:

not specified

Conclusions:

Daily application of test item (100, 400 or 1000 mg/kg) over a 28-days period has no induced morbidity or mortality in animals even in the group treated with the highest dose which correspond to the dose level of the limit-test like recommended by the OECD guideline 410.
From these results and observations, it appears that the maximum dose of 2,5,7,10-tetraoxaundecane that causes no detectable adverse effects (alteration of morphology, functional capacity, growth, development or life span) in rabbit and under the defined conditions of this experiment is 1000 mg per kg per day. This dose corresponds to the NOAEL (No Observed Apparent Effect Level) of this experimentation.

Executive summary:

Daily application of test item (100, 400 or 1000 mg/kg) over a 28-days period has no induced morbidity or mortality in animals even in the group treated with the highest dose which correspond to the dose level of the limit-test like recommended by the OECD guideline 410.

From these results and observations, it appears that the maximum dose of 2,5,7,10-tetraoxaundecane that causes no detectable adverse effects (alteration of morphology, functional capacity, growth, development or life span) in rabbit and under the defined conditions of this experiment is 1000 mg per kg per day. This dose corresponds to the NOAEL (No Observed Apparent Effect Level) of this experimentation.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

1 000 mg/kg bw/day

Study duration:

subchronic

Species:

rat

Quality of whole database:

Good quality from OECD 410 and GLP study (KC1)

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - local effects

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed