Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 224-631-8 | CAS number: 4431-83-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 11.75 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 75
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 881.6 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Route to route extrapolation is needed. Experimental rat dermal NOAEL was converted into human inhalatory NOAEC considering: the "8h exposure rat standard Respiratory Volume" (0.38 m3/kg); the "rat dermal absorption"/"human inhalatory absorption" ratio (50/100); the "8h human standard Respiratory Volume"/"8h worker Respiratory volume" ratio (6.7 m3/10 m3).
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Starting point for the DNEL calculation is a NOAEC (as mentioned in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, december 2010).
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Duration is extrapolated from sub-acute (28 days) to chronic (as mentioned in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, december 2010).
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- no Allometric scaling factor is used when setting an inhalation DNEL
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default factor mentioned in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, december 2010
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- As mentioned in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, 2010: "For workers, as standard procedure for threshold effects a default assessment factor of 5 is to be used, based on the fact that this sub population does not cover the very young, the very old, and the very ill".
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The starting study has been performed according to OECD TG 410 and GLP (Klimisch code 1)
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.67 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 300
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 500 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Route to route extrapolation is needed. Experimental rat dermal NOAEL was converted into human dermal NOAEL considering the "rat dermal absorption"/"human dermal absorption" ratio (50/100).
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Starting point for the DNEL calculation is a NOAEL (as mentioned in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, december 2010).
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Duration is extrapolated from sub-acute (28 days) to chronic (as mentioned in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, december 2010).
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- An AS factor of 4 for rat as compared to humans is presented in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, december 2010.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default factor mentioned in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, december 2010
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- As mentioned in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, 2010: "For workers, as standard procedure for threshold effects a default assessment factor of 5 is to be used, based on the fact that this sub population does not cover the very young, the very old, and the very ill".
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The starting study has been performed according to OECD TG 410 and GLP (Klimisch code 1)
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.9 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 150
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 434.8 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Route to route extrapolation is needed. Experimental rat dermal NOAEL was converted into human inhalatory NOAEC considering: the "24h exposure rat standard Respiratory Volume" (1.15 m3/kg); the "rat dermal absorption"/"human inhalatory absorption" ratio (50/100).
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Starting point for the DNEL calculation is a NOAEL (as mentioned in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, december 2010).
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Duration is extrapolated from sub-acute (28 days) to chronic (as mentioned in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, december 2010).
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Allomatric scaling is not applicable when setting an inhalation DNEL based on an inhalation animal study (as mentioned in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, december 2010).
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default factor mentioned in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, december 2010
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- As mentioned in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, 2010: "it is usually assumed that a default assessment factor of 10 is sufficient to protect the larger part of the population, including e.g. children and the elderly".
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The starting study has been performed according to OECD TG 410 and GLP (Klimisch code 1)
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.83 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 500 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Route to route extrapolation is needed. Experimental rat dermal NOAEL was converted into human dermal NOAEL considering the "rat dermal absorption"/"human dermal absorption" ratio (50/100).
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Starting point for the DNEL calculation is a NOAEL (as mentioned in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, december 2010).
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Duration is extrapolated from sub-acute (28 days) to chronic (as mentioned in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, december 2010).
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- An AS factor of 4 for rat as compared to humans is presented in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, december 2010.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default factor mentioned in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, december 2010
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- As mentioned in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, 2010: "it is usually assumed that a default assessment factor of 10 is sufficient to protect the larger part of the population, including e.g. children and the elderly".
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The starting study has been performed according to OECD TG 410 and GLP (Klimisch code 1)
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.83 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 500 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Route to route extrapolation is needed. Experimental rat dermal NOAEL was converted into human oral NOAEL considering the "rat dermal absorption"/"human oral absorption" ratio (50/100).
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Starting point for the DNEL calculation is a NOAEL (as mentioned in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, december 2010).
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Duration is extrapolated from sub-acute (28 days) to chronic (as mentioned in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, december 2010).
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- An AS factor of 4 for rat as compared to humans is presented in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, december 2010.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default factor mentioned in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, december 2010
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- As mentioned in ECHA Guidance R8 v2, 2010: "it is usually assumed that a default assessment factor of 10 is sufficient to protect the larger part of the population, including e.g. children and the elderly".
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The starting study has been performed according to OECD TG 410 and GLP (Klimisch code 1)
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.