1-Propanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, esters with C18-unsatd. fatty acids, Me sulfates (salts)

Endpoint summary

Additional information

For the assessment of aquatic toxicity of MDIPA-Esterquat C18 unsatd. short-term toxicity data with fish, aquatic invertebrates, algae and microorganisms are available. Long-term toxicity is assessed by read-across to the closely related MDEA-Esterquat C16-18 and C18 unsatd.. A justification for read-across is attached to Iuclid section 13.

 

Short-term toxicity to fish

In a 96-h acute toxicity study according to OECD guideline 203, adopted 17 July 1992, Carp (Cyprinus carpio, Teleostei, Cyprinidae) Linnaeus, 1758 were exposed to MDIPA-Esterquat C18 unsatd. (100% a.i) at nominal concentrations of 0 (control), 0.10, 0.32,1.0, 3.2 and 10 mg/L under semi-static conditions in the presence of 4 mg humic acid per litre (i.e. 2-4 mg dissolved organic carbon per litre). 

Measured test item concentrations were in agreement with nominal (90-93%). These concentrations remained stable during both refreshment periods (87-90% of initial). Given these results, effect parameters can be based on the nominal test concentrations.

No mortality or other clinical effect was observed at any of the test concentrations and the control during the 96-hour test period. The 96-h LC50 was >10 mg a.i./L. 

 

Similar results were obtained with the closely related read-across substance MDEA-Esterquat C16-18 and C18 unsatd.:

In a 96 h acute toxicity study according to OECD TG 203, the Zebrafish (Danio rerio), was exposed to MDEA-Esterquat C16-18 and C18 unsatd. at nominal concentrations of 0, 1.0, 1.6, 2.5, 4.0, 6.3 and 10 mg/L under static conditions. The nominal 96 h LC50 value based on mortality was 5.2 mg/L (95% C.I.: 4.4 to 6.3 mg/L).

 

Long-term toxicity to fish

The 35-day chronic toxicity of the source substance MDEA-Esterquat C16-18 and C18 unsatd. to early life stages of Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, was studied under flow-through conditions according to US EPA TSCA, 40 CFR, Part 797.1600. Fertilised eggs (25 eggs, reduced to 15 fry after hatch) were exposed to a control and measured concentrations of 0.686, 1.41, 2.68, 5.30 and 9.76 mg/L as total activity by LSC. The test system was maintained at 25 +/- 1°C and a pH of 8.0 (7.7 to 8.3). The 35-day NOEC values, based on mortality (post-fry reduction) and sub-lethal effects (length and weight) were 0.686 mg/L. The 5-day NOEC based on number hatched was >9.76 mg/L. Although the post-fry reduction survival did not monotonically decrease with exposure concentration, a NOEC of 0.686 mg/L could statistically be determined.

 

Additional results from a MDEA-Esterquat C16-18 and C18 unsatd. with a fatty acid distribution shifted to a higher amount of unsaturated C18 are available:

The 35-day chronic toxicity of MDEA-Esterquat C16-18 and C18 unsatd. (Canola oil based) to early life stages of Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, was studied under flow-through conditions using river water, according to OECD guideline 210. Fertililized eggs (25 eggs, reduced to 20 fry after hatch) were exposed to a control and measured concentrations of 0.313, 0.682, 1.34, 2.47 and 4.94 mg diester/L. The test system was maintained at 25 +/- 1°C and a pH of 8.3 (8.2 to 8.4). The 35-day NOEC values, based on mortality (post-fry reduction) and sub-lethal effects (length and weight) were 1.34 mg/L and 0.313 mg/L, respectively. The 35-day NOEC based on number hatched was 2.47 mg/L.

 

The second study is more relevant for the risk assessment of MDIPA Esterquat C18 unsatd. because in this case both the target and the source substance are manufactured from the same fatty acid source (Canola oil) and have therefore an almost identical fatty acid distribution and in addition the study is with an Klimisch rating of 1 instead of 2 more reliable.

 

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

The 48–hr-acute toxicity of MDIPA-Esterquat C18 unsatd. to Daphnia magna was studied under semi-static conditions in accordance with OECD guideline 202 (2004).  Daphnids were exposed to control and test chemical at nominal concentrations of 0.10, 0.32, 1.0, 3.2, 10 mg/L in the presence of 4 mg/L humic acid for 48 h.  Mortality/immobilisation and sublethal effects were observed daily. 

The 48-hour EC50 was >8.6 mg/L (TWA, time weighted average) based on immobilisation.  

 

Similar results were obtained with the closely related read-across substance MDEA-Esterquat C16-18 and C18 unsatd.: 

The 24-hr acute toxicity of MDEA-Esterquat C16-18 and C18 unsatd. to Daphnia magna was investigated under static conditions in a study conducted according to OECD TG 202 (Part I). Daphnids were exposed to 0, 0.1, 0.32, 1.0, 3.2, 10 and 32 mg/L (nominal) for 24 hours. Immobilisation was observed at test termination. The 24-h EC50 was 14.8 mg/L with 95% CL of 8.4 - 26.2 mg/L(nominal each). No other effects were noted. The study period of 24 h was recommended before adoption of the OECD Guideline 202 in 2004. Therefore this study does not meet the time criterion (study duration 24 h instead of 48 h) of today’s standard test methods.

 

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

The 21-day chronic toxicity of MDEA-Esterquat C16-18 and C18 unsatd. to Daphnia magna was investigated under flow-through conditions in a study conducted according to EPA OTS 797.1330 (Daphnid Chronic Toxicity Test). Daphnids were exposed to a control and test chemical at measured concentrations of 0, 0.27, 0.47, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.9 mg/L. The 21-day EC50 based on mortality was 1.7 mg/L (95% confidence limits of 1.5 and 1.9 mg/L). The 21 -day NOEC based on survival, number of young/adult/reproduction day, and growth (length and weight) was 1.0 mg/L. Production of offsprings in the treated groups indicated that MDEA-Esterquat C16-18 and C18 unsatd. has an effect on the reproduction at concentration greater than 1 mg/L.

 

Additional results from a MDEA-Esterquat C16-18 and C18 unsatd. with a fatty acid distribution shifted to a higher amount of unsaturated C18 are available:

The 21-day chronic toxicity of MDEA-Esterquat C16-18 and C18 unsatd. (Iodine value 47) to Daphnia magna was investigated under flow-through conditions (using river water) in a study conducted according to EPA OTS 797.1330 (Daphnid Chronic Toxicity Test). Daphnids were exposed to a control and test chemical at measured concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.21, 0.52, 1.08 and 2.10 mg/L. The 21-day EC50 based on mortality was > 2.1 mg/L . The lowest 21-day NOEC based on survival, number of young/adult/reproduction day, and growth (length and weight) was 0.1 mg/L. Production of offsprings in the treated groups indicated that MDEA-Esterquat C16-18 and C18 unsatd. had an effect on the reproduction at concentration greater than 0.52 mg/L. The most sensitive endpoint was adult weight with an EC10 of 0.166 mg/L (95% confidence interval is 0.054 to 0.511 mg/L).

 

The second study is more relevant for the risk assessment of MDIPA Esterquat C18 unsatd. because in this case the source substance have with an IV of 47 an higher structural similarity to the target substance which is composed mainly of unsaturated C18 alkyl chains.

 

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

In a 72 hour acute toxicity study, the cultures ofPseudokirchneriella subcapitata, strain NIVA CHL 1 were exposed to MDIPA-Esterquat C18 unsatd. at nominal concentrations of 0 (control), 0.10, 0.32, 1.0, 3.2 and 10 mg/L, corresponding to measured (TWA) concentrations of 0.042, 0.14, 0.39, 1.3 and 1.7 mg/L in the presence of 4 mg/L humic acid under static conditions in accordance with OECD guideline 201 (adopted March 23, 2006; Annex 5 corrected 28 July 2011).

Microscopic observations revealed no abnormalities.

The NOEC, EC10 and EC50 based on growth rate were 0.39, 0.54 (95% c.i. 0.10-2.9 mg/L) and 1.2 mg/L (95% c.i. 0.24-6.0 mg/L), respectively.

The NOEC, EC10 and EC50 based on based on yield were 0.39, 0.49 (95% c.i. 0.22-1.0 mg/L) and 0.95 mg/L (95% c.i. 0.44-2.1 mg/L), respectively.

All effect levels are given based on measured (TWA) concentrations.

 

Similar results were obtained with the closely related read-across substance MDEA-Esterquat C16-18 and C18 unsatd.:

 

Data are available from a substance with the same structure as MDEA-Esterquat C16-18 and C18 unsatd., only the distribution of fatty acid moiety is shifted to a higher amount of unsaturated C18' (Iodine value 47 instead of 25). Based on the results of the long-term toxicity studies to fish and daphnia from a higher amount of unsaturated C18 a higher toxicity may be expected. In this 72 -h algal study conducted according to OECD TG 201, Scenedesmus subspicatus (new name Desmodesmus subspicatus) were exposed to the similar substance ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N-(-2-hydroxyethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, esters with C16-18 and C18 unsatd. fatty acids, chlorides (Iodine value of 47 instead of 25, the highest value for the submitted substance) at measured concentrations of 0, 1.5, 2.8, 6.6, 16, 29 and 64 mg/L under static conditions. The 72 -h EC50 based on biomass is 3.2 mg/L with 95% confidence limits of 2.7 - 3.6 and the 72 -h EC50 based on growth rate is 6.3 mg/L with 95% confidence limits of <1.5 - >64. The 72 -hr NOEC based on growth rate and biomass is 1.5 mg/L (measured concentrations each).

 

In a 96 h algal toxicity study conducted according to a modification of EPA OTS 797.1050 (Algal Toxicity, Tiers I and II),Selenastrum capricornutum was exposed to MDEA-Esterquat C16-18 and C18 unsatd. at nominal concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mg/L under static conditions. The 96 hr ErC50 value was 2.9 mg/L (95% confidence limit <2.0 - 4.2 mg/L; nominal).

This toxicity study is classified as not reliable and does not satisfy the guideline requirements for aquatic toxicity to algae (validity Klimisch 3). Deviations were: no analytical determination of the test substance, river water was used instead of algal media, and cell counts were conducted on controls at the 0 h timepoint only.

 

Toxicity to microorganisms

In a 3 h respiration inhibition study, activated sludge from the aeration basin of a municipal sewage treatment plant fed with synthetic sewage was exposed to MDIPA-Esterquat C18 unsatd. at nominal concentrations of 0 (control), 10, 32, 100, 320 and 1000 mg/L in accordance with EU method C.11 (31 May 2008). 3,5- dichlorophenol at concentrations of 3.2, 10 and 32 mg/L was used as reference substance.

The 3 h EC50 of MDIPA-Esterquat C18 unsatd. was determined to be >1000 mg/L, the 3 h EC10 was 323.4 mg/L.

 

The most sensitive organism in all available studies of MDIPA-Esterquat C18 unsatd. and the source substance MDEA-Esterquat C16-18 and C18 unsatd. was Daphnia magna in the chronic test with MDEA-Esterquat C16-18 and C18 unsatd. (Iodine Value 47). Thus, the lowest chronic toxicity value is the 21-day EC10 in Daphnia magna of 0.166 mg/L. This value is used for the calculation of PNECs.

 

 

Conclusion

Adequate and reliable scientific information indicates that the source substance MDEA-Esterquat C16-18 and C18 unsatd. and the target substance MDIPA-Esterquat C18 unsatd. have similar ecotoxicity profiles. Short-term toxicity data obtained in fish, daphnia and toxicity data from algae are comparable. Both substances are readily biodegradable.

The structural similarities between the source and the target substance and the expected similarities of their breakdown products as presented above further support the read-across hypothesis.

Therefore, based on the available data, it can be concluded that the results of the long-term toxicity studies in fish and daphnia with the source substance are likely to predict the properties of the target substance and are considered as being adequate to fulfil the information requirement of Annex IX, 9.1.5, 9.1.6 and Annex VII, 9.1.4.